PACHYCEPHALA GUTTERALIS. 



(Gutteral PacliycepJiala.) 



-♦— 



Male — Crown of the head, lores, line beneath the eye, ear coverts, and a crescent-shaped mark from the latter across the breast, deep black ; 

 throat, white ; back of the neck, a narrow line behind the black band, and all the under surface, bright yellow ; back and upper tail coverts, 

 yellowish olive ; wing coverts, blackish brown, margined with yellowish olive ; primaries and secondaries, blackish brown, margined with 

 greyish olive ; tail, grey at the base, passing into black, and tipped with grey ; irides, red ; bill and feet, brownish black. 



Female — Head, all the upper surface, and tail, olive brown ; primaries and secondaries, brown — the former margined with 

 grey, the latter with yellowish olive ; throat, pale brown, freckled with white ; abdomen, pale brown ; ventral feathers, yellow ; under tail 

 coverts, white ; bill and feet, blackish brown. 



Length, 7i inches ; wing, 3| ; tail, 3^ ; bill, | ; tarsus, f . 



This species seems pretty generally distributed, being found in Queensland, New South Wales, South Australia, and West 

 Australia. It may be obtained more plentifully in scrubs than in other situations, though also frequenting thickly-timbered country. It is 

 rather shy, and seldom permits a near approach. The powerful note which it utters often betrays its presence, the same being a loud whistle 

 repeated a few times, and ending suddenly with a sound not unlike the crack of a whip. Food, insects. 



PACHYCEPHALA GLAIJCURA. 



(Grey-tailed Fachycephala.) 



♦— 



This species is so similar to the former in size and color as to need no separate figure or description. The difference consists in the tail of 

 the male being wholly grey, the yellow portions paler, and the margins of the primaries and secondaries being of a whiter tint. In the female, 

 the edges of the primaries and secondaries are greyish brown, and the under tail coverts are bufly white. 



Length, 7i inches ; wing, 3| ; tail, 3-|- ; bill, -f ; tarsus, f . 



This species is confined to Tasmania. Its habits are similar to those of the other members of the family. 



PACHYCEPHALA MELANUEA. 



(Black-tailed Pachycephala.) 



This species is also closely allied to P. Chitteralis, differing only from that species in the greater richness of its coloring, and in having the 

 tail wholly black. The wings are black ; the coverts margined with yellowish olive, the primaries and secondaries with yellowish grey ; bill 

 and feet, black ; irides, brownish red. A figure is unnecessary. 



Length, 6 inches ; bill, I ; wing, 3i ; tail, 2^ ; tarsus, |. 



This species is found in the northern portions of Australia, and some of the Malayan Islands. 



The friends of the Darwinian theory will recognize some further evidence in favor of their views in the close relationship 

 between the three species above described. In the case of that inhabiting the northern position, the colors are most brilliant and intense ; in 

 that of Tasmania the opposite character prevails; while, in the species occupying the central situation, the characteristics of both are 

 combined. 



PACHYCEPHALA PECTORALIS. 



(Banded Thick-head.) 



Male Throat, white, encircled by a broad band of black, which, commencing at the base of the bill, surrounds the eye and crosses the 



sides of the neck and breast ; forehead, crown, and upper surface, dark grey ; wings and tail, blackish brown, the feathers being margined 

 with grey ; sides of the breast and flanks, grey ; centre of the chest, abdomen, and under tail coverts, rich reddish brown ; irides, red ; bill, 

 black ; legs and feet, blackish olive. 



Female — Head and upper surface, brownish grey ; wings and tail, dark brown, margined on the outer webs with brownish 

 grey ; throat, dull white, passing into the tawny buff" of the under surface, which is distinctly striped with dark brown ; irides and bill, 

 brown ; feet, lead color. 



Length, 6f inches ; wing, 3| ; tail, 3i ; bill, f ; tarsus, |. 



This species is extensively distributed, being found in Queensland, New South Wales, and the southern and western portions of 

 Australia. It delights in the topmost branches of trees in thinly-wooded country, where its lively and cheering song may be heard during the 

 spring and summer seasons ; its note is a long-continued gliding whistle, ending with a smack, which is the characteristic of that of most of 

 the members of this genus. The nest is cup-shaped, constructed with small twigs, and is so loose and thin that the eggs are visible from 

 beneath ; the eggs, three in number, are olive, with a zone of brown spots and blotches at the larger end. 



PACHYCEPHALA EALCATA. 



(Lunated Pachycephala.) 



This species is very closely allied to the former, but differs in having no black round the eyes or on the ear coverts. Its note is not so long 

 and sustained as that of the former species, but in its general habits it is similar. Its habitat is the north coast (Port Essington, &c.) 

 Leugth, 7 inches ; wing, 4i ; tail, 2\ ; bill, \ ; tarsus, \. A figure is unnecessary. 



