ON THE CASCARILLAS OF 
(C. glandulifere, R. & P. varietas). This 
likewise a fine sort, and the produce of 
the same tree, of which the bark differs 
according to its different habitat. On the 
high mountains this species yields the Cas- 
— earilla Negrilia and the present sort in the 
warmer vallies. In external appearance 
these barks are much alike, the inside be- 
ing of a less fiery and fainter colour, and 
. more verging on cinnamon brown in the 
second kind. Neither for the European 
. trade, nor in medical use, are these dis- 
tinctions, however, of any importance. 
3. Cascarilla provinciana. (Cinchona 
micrantha. R.& P. Varietas. a. flor. ex- 
. tus roseis. £. flor. extus albidis). The tree 
_ is of considerable circumference, it flowers 
in February, and frequently yields eight to 
.. fen arrobas of dry bark, which differs from 
— thatof Huanuco by the strikingly whitish 
colour and greater roughness of the sur- 
face. It is likewise thicker and more 
. woody, the fracture is more fibrous, and 
. the colour of a bright cinnamon brown. 
Three kinds are known in trade. 
4. Pata de Gallinazo. This name is 
applied to the barks which are peeled from 
the young and upper branches of the fore- 
i Formerly the foreign mer- 
chants were prejudiced in its favor, and 
considered this as a fine sort, contrary to 
the opinion generally received in Peru. 
Probably the thinness and less woody tex- 
. ture of the rind, with the difficulty of pro- 
. curing it in large quantities, occasioned the 
ee former idea, Its name, which signifies 
Claw of the Black Vulture ( Vultur Aura, 
Linn.) arises from the blackish and radiated 
appearance caused by some species of 
Graphis, which generally grows upon it: 
m the Puta de Gallareta mentioned by Ruiz 
. and Pavon, i is the produce of the Ones 
2 cem of the Flora Peruviana, vol. 
This kind of bark is 
nly known in small quantities, and is not 
regularly collected. It resembles the 
kinds of Loxa bark, and excels them 
CUCHERO AND HUANUCO. 251 
in the resino is and astringent flavour. The 
tree itself, which is unknown to me, grows 
only upon the coldest mountains, and is 
said to have a stem scarcely eight feet high, 
straight, and producing very little bark, 
but which is so highly esteemed that the 
viceroy and correjedores purchase it all, to . 
send as presents to the king and the 
grandees of Spain, so that it is never seen 
in commerce. The flower is of a bright 
red, covered with a white tomentum with- 
inside, and it expands in May. This lat- 
ter circumstance coincides with a Cinchona 
which I found in April, 1830, on the Cues- 
ta de Carpis, growing as a very small tree, 
the Cinchona heterophylla, (Ruiz,) a spe- 
cies distinguished by its pendent flowers, 
but which may perhaps prove only a va- 
riety of C. pubescens, Vahl, (D. C. Prodr. 
vol. iv. p. 353.) 
6. Cascarilla boba colorada. (Cinchona 
purpurea, R. and P.)—A tree of con- 
siderable elevation and circumference, by 
which alone it might be discriminated 
from the allied species of Cinchona, as 
well as by its very large and membra- 
naceous leaves, which are covered on the 
underside with broad, prominent, violet- 
coloured veins, that are so numerous in 
the young state as to give their own hue to 
the entire leaf. The bark, in a fresh state, 
is extremely bitter, and may probably be 
found useful for making cheap decoctions, 
as it can be sold at a very low price. It is 
not now universally collected, but for- 
merly served for occasionally adulterating 
the better kinds; an imposition, however, 
that was easily detected. According to 
Göbel, it is not quite certain whether the 
Cascarilla boba is not also sometimes ob- 
tained from the Cinchona cordifolia, Mute, 
and the C. macrocarpa, i l 
7. Corteza del Azahar. (Cinchona 
; magnifolia, R. and P.)—A very stately 
tree, with unusually large white flowers, 
diffusing a most delightful scent, like that 
of orange blossoms. To this bark is never 
applied the name of Cascarilla, that is, 
Fever Bark, in its strict sense, as the ig- 
norant observer does not consider the 
