252 
Azahar to be a Cinchona. It is like, ex- 
cept the stem, a young oak, with bark four 
or five lines thick, and woody; which, for 
the latter reason, does not roll itself into 
tubes, possesses little astringency, and is 
never gathered for sale: still it is said to 
be applied to officinal uses occasionally in 
Europe, and is mixed in small quantities 
for the purpose of adulteration with the 
finer kinds. 
For the following observations on the 
above-mentioned barks, which, in Peru, 
are regarded as articles of commerce, I 
am indebted to M. Reichel, apothecary at 
Hohenstein, in Saxony, who himself pos- 
sesses one of the richest collections of 
Cinchona in Germany, and has also com- 
pared my samples with those in the great 
collection (considered to be complete) of 
M. Von Bergen, in Hamburg.—* All the 
barks transmitted to me by M. Poeppig, 
appear to be peculiarly well preserved, 
and not at all chafed ; they are also in large 
quantities, and unusually fresh-looking, so 
as to present a series of very instructive 
forms, which it was not easy at first sight 
to identify with the very shattered and 
rubbed articles which are generally seen in 
commerce. 
“I. Cascarilla negrilla.—Of this kind 
there are most rich specimens, a foot long, 
and from one-half to three-fourths of an 
inch in diameter, nearly straight through- 
out, all doubly rolled ; the outer surface 
very rough, covered with many oblique 
furrows ; and the colour varying from slate 
to ash, and even reddish grey, clothed with 
many white Lichens and Cryptogamia ; on 
the smooth inside are many tender fibres, 
and the colour is cinnamon, The bark is 
hard, its fracture nearly straight and resi- 
nous; the smell resembling tan, and 
ON THE CASCARILLAS OF 
. as other characters, and particularly a 
| | comparison with the original specimens of 
M. Bergan, leave no doubt that this bark 
is equal to the finest sort from Loxa. It 
formerly came, ine rarely, and in small 
pieces, among the Lima barks. The de- 
CUCHERO AND HUANUCO. 
coction is of a peculiarly beautiful reddish 
yellow ; and when tried with the tests | 
oxyde of iron, oxalic and emetic tartar, 
proves its quality to be the very best. — 
“TI. Cascarilla provinciana: the Hu- — | 
anuco bark of commerce exactly corre- 
sponds with the bark so named in the 
Bergen collection: most of the piecesare — — 
a foot and a half to two feet long, and from ` 
three-fourths to an inch in diameter; | 
every tube spiral, a character universally 
nuco ; > 
firmly attached together ; 
abundantly covered with white spots and 
little Cryptogamia. The taste, which is at 
first acid, afterwards becomes a powerful 
and enduring bitter. The peculiar trans- 
verse chinks of the Huanuco bark exist 
here in great numbers. The decoction was 
a beautiful red brown; and when exhibited 
with the before-mentioned tests, proved 
the quality to be that of the inferior Loxa 
kind. 
“III. Pata de Gallinazo. Evidently the 
bark of younger branches of the ae 
with which it eminently agrees. None of 
the specimens exceed a foot ii length, and 
n inch in thickness, and their decoction 
resembles the last. This kind formed @ 
small portion of the so-called ‘Lime bate 2 
of commete, a 
“TV. Cascarilla boba; the pee 
Bark of Trade; existing in large quantities, — 
but chiefly very young barks; on part of — 
which the wart-like elevations were want- 
ing. The peculiar longitudinal wrinkles 
which distinguish the Huamala bark above 
all others, abound here. In the younger 
specimens, the colour verges upon fawn- 
grey-white on the older samples, which are 
covered with numerous wart-like elevations, 
there are so many brown spots as to give 
the whole a peculiarly russet hue, All the | 
portions are covered with white spots, but 
no perfect Lichen could be discerned, eX- 
cept small specimens of Usnea Cinchona- t 
rum. The canes are from one and a hatt 
to two and a quarter feet long, and from à. 
quarter to one inch thick, with a slightly 
