| T £ QU. a aes £i C s MES 
circumstance ; for the causes which render 
some plants of easy naturalization, while 
others, apparently equally well suited to 
the climate, and with as abundant means 
of propagation, invariably die off, are still 
very obscure: but a chance plant or two, 
of which the seeds have been accidentally 
brought over, and which neither spread by 
their roots nor ripen their seeds, are of 
little consequence. On the next morning 
we went to Castle Eden, and the weather 
at last began to improve, though still cloudy 
and so cold that we found fires lighted for 
us as a matter of course in the bed-rooms. 
The Dean or Dene, for I know not which 
way it should be spelt, is a romantic narrow 
valley, frequently bordered with rocks and 
almost every where covered with woods. 
There is a road through the greater part of 
} it, quite down to the sea-shore; but the 
lower part exhibits, for the most part, steep 
gravelly banks instead of the perpendicular 
limestone rocks which diversify and adorn 
_ the upper. I had been directed to seek for 
the Cypripedium Calceolus on the top of 
a steep rocky bank, opposite to an insulated 
rock, on each side of which the road pass- 
ed, but we could find no such rock, and our 
-— for the Cypripedium was in vain. 
anl 4 £r. £ A e fs 
of gardeners. Yet it does not bear a high 
ps, and I suppose from this circumstance 
it 1$ propagated without much difficulty ; 
but, at least in the gardens about London, 
it rarely flowers. I believe that in some 
mefly in the northern branch. Carex 
fulva inhabits springy ground towards the 
sfa-shore. This species, with C. distans, C. 
| inervis, and C. /evigata, form a groupe, 
. 9f which it is not very easy to catch the 
Specific characters, and perhaps we may 
BOTANICAL EXCURSION IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND. 
291 
add to these C. speirostachya and. pheo- 
stachya of the English Flora. The want 
of an awn to the scales of the fertile cat- 
kins is pointed out by Sir J. E. Smith as 
an important difference between C. fulva 
and C. distans ; C. binervis, C. levigata, 
and C. pheostachya have also pointed 
scales, but C. speirostachya is in that re- 
spect like C. fulva. 
leaves, smooth fruit, and the membranous 
edges of the orifice of the beak in the first 
mentioned species, seem to form the only 
differences. My plant has the leaves 
smooth at the base, but rough with fine 
prickle-like serratures in the upper part on 
the keel and on the margin, especially on 
their strictly triangular ends. The fruit is 
smooth, except on the beak, whose edges 
are between rough and pubescent. The 
membrane of the orifice of the beak is very 
striking, on these specimens from C. Eden 
Dean; but it seems to be always present, 
though not always equally conspicuous, in 
C.fulva. I gathered here also a variety 
of C. sylvatica with compound spikes. 
There are some other little woody hollows, 
apparently similar to this of Castle Eden, 
but on a smaller scale, between the road 
and the shore. We had no time to visit 
any of them. 
From Castle Eden we went to Helmesly. 
Crossing on foot the range of the Black 
Hambledon Hills into Bilsdale, at a part 
marked on Crutchley’s large map of Eng- 
land, Carleton Bank, an irregular wood 
above Stokesley, partly opening into a com- 
mon, and with a good deal of springy 
ground, invited our researches, but did not 
reward them ; nor-were we more success- 
ful on some crags of a coarse sandstone 
near the summit. Keeping to the west of 
the road, we had the pleasure of finding 
among the young plantations near the top 
. of the hill, the Zrientalis Europea scat- 
tered among the heath and fern in tolerable 
abundance, and just in flower. At Helmes- 
ly we heard again of Cypripedium Calce- 
olus, and a gardener, who confessed that 
he had taken up all the roots he could see, 
conducted us to the spot where it used to 
grow, which is a limestone bank near the 
