294 
BOTANICAL EXCURSION IN 
or Cotherstone, as its habitat cannot be far 
from the dividing ridge of the forest of 
Stanmoor, which separates the waters of 
the Eden from those which fall into the 
Tees. On the 7th I walked up Hudcope- 
head in the rain, to search for the Listera 
cordata, which I did not find. Ribus Cha- 
memorus was in great quantity, but quite 
out of flower, and showing very little ap- 
pearance of fruit. Yet the fruit is said to 
be gathered by the children, and brought 
down to Middleton for sale in considerable 
quantity. In the evening I went to High 
Force, a waterfall of the River Tees, near 
which there is a little inn; the new high 
road to Glasgow is expected to pass this 
way. It rained heavily, and was very cold 
and windy, and continued so all night. In 
the morning the scanty stream which, only 
the evening before, left, at the fall, the 
greater part of its bed uncovered, was 
changed into a magnificent and foaming 
torrent, which I could contemplate as I 
lay in my bed. 
It held up a little in the morning, and I 
continued my walk. I had been told at 
Middleton that I should find it not difficult 
to ‘step t' Tees’ at almost any point, but 
after the rain of last night not only the 
Tees, but many of the brooks which run 
into it were impassable. "This added con- 
siderably to the length of my walk. Widdy 
bank is a broken earthy bank of the Tees, 
enriched with Kobresia caricina, Carex 
dioica, C. capillaris, Tofieldia palustris, 
Habenaria | albida, Habenaria viridis, 
Gentiana verna, Bartsia alpina, and 
Equisetum variegatum, a noble harvest for 
and Whinstone Crag, higher up the river, 
I observed Asplenium viride, Hieracium 
maculatum? and Saxifraga hypnoides. 
The Saxifraga cæspitosa has been stated 
. to grow here, but it is, I think, generally 
acknowledged to be.an error. Osmunda 
i "ee I gathered near Caldron Snout, 
other cascade on the Tees, and in such 
oe as this a very fine one. The water 
does not fall at once over a perpendicular 
precipice, as at the High Force, but rushes 
THE NORTH OF ENGLAND. 
among broken rocks down a steep descent, 
I here crossed the river, and afterwards the 
Maize Beek, which joins it just below Cal- 
dron Snout, in order to ascend Cronkley 
Fell, where I found Cistus marifolius or 
canus (for I confess myself unable to dis- 
tinguish them), Hippocrepis comosa, Are- 
naria verna, and Dryas octopetala ; but 
the cold and wet were great discourage- 
ments to my botanical exertions. Eighteen 
sheep which we saw dead, or dying, on the 
mountain, attested the severity of the wea- 
ther during the last twenty-four hours. 
I slept at Birkdale. The ħamlet consists 
of only two or three cottages, and there is 
no public house: but I was hospitably re- 
ceived, and made very comfortable at a 
farm-house, where they have a room prin- 
cipally for the reception of the sportsmen 
who frequent these desolate moorlands. 
Micklefell, on the Yorkshire side of the 
Maize Beek, which here divides the coun- 
ties, seemed to me much more lofty than 
Cronkley Fell, and, if the guides at the 
Cumberland lakes do not make a mistake, | 
it forms a very distinguishable object from 
their mountains. On the 9th there seemed 
to be no hope of better weather, I there- 
fore walked to Appleby. About half way 
between Birkdale and Dufson I passed over 
some craggy ground, with bold rocks rising 
above me, and apparently a considerable 
precipice beneath, where I observed seve- 
ral of the plants of the preceding day, such 
as Saxifraga hypnoides and Arenaria 
verna, and which I could be well content 
to visit in better weather, but the so 
rain and thick mist rendered it almost ine 2 
possible to understand my position, or o 
orus 
examine its Botany. Rubus Chamem 
I observed in several places. These moors, 
comprising the forests of Stainmoor, Lune, 
and Milbourn, and a great extent of country 
North from Cross Fell to Aldstone Moof, 
form probably the most extensive and de- — 
solate tract of heath and bog to be found 
in South Britain. At Appleby I jes an 
excellent inn, which was a great comfort, 
wet and tired as I was, and the next d m 
ing walked to Penrith. No plant at 
rare occurred in the way, and not even any 
Ses 
