‘Tree. The Orang-dazas, whether to check 
_ the curiosity of strangers, or to magnify the 
interest which always attaches to those who 
_have performed a hazardous enterprise, talk 
a great deal ofthe dangers that are incurre 
in obtaining the Jpo; he, whom I saw, 
. carried an air-tube armed with a dart, and 
| -.asmall quiver full of poisoned arrows, the 
most usual weapons of these people, whe- 
ther for the chase or in war; these I pur- 
chased from him, as well as three rolls of 
Ipo, concerning the collecting and pre- 
The only positive statement 
that he made, and of which I afterwards 
ascertained the truth, was that this drug 
was compounded with the juice of very 
large climbing plants. The arrows made 
by the Orang-daias, are formed of strips of 
cleft Bamboo, about eight inches long, and 
very thin; the top is furnished with a bit 
of pith, very like that of the Elder, which 
serves to expel the dart from the air-tube 
bymeans ofthe breath. Those arrows which 
are used in hunting, have their tips shaped 
like the head of a ood and imbued with 
Ipo; those intended for war, are furnished 
with a little shark's tooth, or a small cop- 
per blade, which is lightly inserted into 
the dart, and fastened there by the gummy 
resin of the po; the warmth of the blood 
issolving this substance, the point re- 
mains sticking in the wound after the 
arrow has been extracted, and the poison 
Mingling with the blood causes speed 
ioe ei 
wound ; the dog lived for eight minutes, the 
arrow having been driven for half an inch 
zy the thigh, and allowed to remain there; 
all these animals died in violent convulsive 
tetanus, which threw them on their backs, 
came on at intervals. 
“ The Orang-daias showed me the man- 
Ger in which the Jpo is moistened and ap- 
-P to the arrows. He took the root of 
Species of f Menispermum, called by the 
ACCOUNT.OF THE UPAS TREE. 
313 
Malays, Touba; and expressed the juice, 
which he mixed with the Jpo, and then 
added to it the root of Dioscorea triphylla, 
putting them together into an iron pot with 
some water, over a fire; he made a small 
hole in the lid of the pot to permit the ex- 
cape of the steam, in the vapour of which 
he softened the Zpo, and spread it over the 
arrows: this was the mode always employ- 
ed, he said, in his country, as it revived 
and added new virus to the poison, 
** The Macassar poison, also named Jpo, 
was brought me by my friend M. Carrega, 
the captain of a vessel in the Dutch ser- 
vice, on his return from a voyage to that 
country. He learned that it was a gum- 
resin, flowing from a large tree, to which 
was added the juice of the root of 4momum 
Zerumbet, called by the Malays Lampo- 
urang; other particulars that he gave me 
proved, however, that this poison was not 
similar to the Javanese, of which I am 
going to speak. 
* There are two species, known by the 
name of Upas, with which the inhabitants, 
principally of the Eastern part, imbue their 
little bamboo arrows, which they fling with 
the sarbacane, or air-tube, and of which 
they make use in the chase: they also mix 
up the Upas with rice, or with fruit, and 
make a bait of it, which they administer to 
various animals, and which quickly de- 
stroys life: the flesh of the creatures thus 
illed, or which die of the poisoned ar- 
rows, is not at all affected, and it is 
only necessary to remove those portions 
with which the poison has come into im- 
mediate contact. The plants which pro- 
duce these two noxious drugs grow only 
in the province of Bagnia- Vangni ; one is 
called Upas Antiar, the other Upas Tieute ; 
the latter, the produce of a kind of Vine, 
(Strychnos Tieute,) which grows in the 
woods, is much the most virulent, and the 
least generally known, because the natives 
keep the mode of its preparation a strict 
secret among themselves, and this process 
is much more complicated than in the case 
of the Upas Antiar. M. Deschamps, Na- 
turalist of the expedition commanded by 
