Physical Features of the Outlying Islands. 29 
land looks quite hilly but its highest part is only 286 m and the culminating 
point of the main ridge about 2 m lower. From this ridge, a table-land, 
looking like an ancient sea-bed, extends southwards terminating in abrupt cliffs 
ı82—2ı3 m in depth irregularly cut by small streams. Here and there conical 
volcanic hills, 152—ı82 m high, stand out from the flat, northern and central 
portions of the island. 
The extensive coast-line varies from flat ground bordered by dunes or 
low rocks to the high cliffs of the S. and SW. 
Besides the Whanga, there are many other lagoons and lakes, indeed, it 
is stated that one-third of the surface is occupied by water. Bogs of great \ 
extent and depth are a familiar feature both of high and low ground. Small, e 
sluggish streams of peaty dark-brown water are abundant, but, at most only 
two can be considered rivers. 
Pitt Island, 13.6 km long by 6 km across, lies about 22 km to the south 
of the main island. Its coast is rocky. 
The remaining islands (Mangere, South-East Island) are quite small, but 
the latter rises to ı84 m. 
The major part of the Chathams consists of volcanic rocks (basalt,. tuffs) 
covering an ancient land-surface. Schists occur in the N. of Chatham Is- 
land and limestones on the W. of the great lagoon, on the N. and on Pitt 
Island. 
ec. The New Zealand Subantarctic Islands. 
. General. 
These consist of several groups Iying between the eratfeie of 
54° 44’ and 47° 43’ S.lat. and 159° 49’ and 179° E. long. The names, distance 
and direction of each group from the South Cape of Stewart Island are as. 
follows: Snares, ı13 km, S. S.W.; Lord Auckland Islands, 348 km,S | 
et Islands, 608 km, S. by E.; ‚Macquarie Islands 5, 1049 km, Ss. W 
