ei tomentosa. The species of Pinelen = are, as a rule, polygam ecious, but tl 
_ plants behave as if truly dioecious. Fuchsia Dad has hetero-tri 3 
60 The Vegetation of the Sea-eoast. 
2. Pollination. 
Apart from the pioneer work of G. M. THOMSON (1881 a and b) anda 
few observations by CHEESEMAN, PETRIE and others, there is little to be learnt 
from botanical literature regarding the pollination of New Zealand plants, nor 
have I paid attention to the subject; a virgin field thus awaits cultivation so 
far as modern methods of investigation are concerned. Here and elsewhere 
all that can be supplied are a few statistics and general remarks. THOMSON 
showed that the prevailing belief, as voiced by WALLACE') as to insects being ® 
strikingly deficient in New Zealand was not correct and that, though butter- 
flies are few, there are many species of moths represented by numerous indi-- | 
viduals while, even at that time the number of known species of beetles was 
more than 1300. Above all, THomson. clearly showed what an important park 
is played by Diptera. Since 1ı88ı many more species of insects capable of 
pollinating have been discovered so that there is no longer any question as 
to there being ample for the duty. That some of the species of butterflies 
have abundance of individuals may be seen by a visit to the montane tussock- 
steppe on any sunny summer’s day. As for pollination by flies, not only 
are these insects attracted by special unpleasant odours but the cloying scents. 
of certain species (Cordyline australis, spp. of Clematis &c.) bring them in 
great numbers. 
Coming now to the actual coastal plants and leaving out of consideration 
the wind-pollinated Gramineae and Cyperaceae, the remaining species number 
145 of which the flowers of 53 p. c. may be considered monoclinous and those. 
of 47.p. c. more or less diclinous (dioecious 13 spp., monoecious 4, polygamous 
but in some cases dioec. or monoec. .5r). About 60 p. c. of the species have 
flowers conspicuous enough to attract insects, while those of about go. c. are 
‚small and dull-coloured though some are produced in great abundance. ‚The 4 
attractive flowers are of the following colours: white 48 (55 p. c.); yellow 17 
(20 p. c); purple 9; rose 3; lilac, pink, red and crimson 2 each; orange and 
flowers‘ as in the other New Zealand species; the stamens of the 3 forms | 
not vary. in a In Selliera ar An eme 18775 542585) 
