Forest. : 139 
folia, C. areolata, C. rhamnoides, C. crassifolia, C. linarüfolia, Helichrysum 
glomeratum and Olearia Forsteri. Sophora microphylla and Leptospermum 
ericoides are still plentiful, especially on the open hillsides, but what part they 
‚played in the original forest I do not know. 
Various isolated forest-areas in Canterbury (Plate XVII, Fig. 24). 
Comparatively small forest-areas with P. Zofara and P. spicatus dominant 
still persist in various sheltered spots on the foot-hills abutting on the Canter- 
bury Plain extending from the base of Mount Peel to Waimate. No special 
description of these is needed, the species being much the same as on 
anks Peninsula, but Rhopalostylis, Macropiper ER and certain ferns are 
wanting. 
4. Matai (Podocarpus spicatus) forest. 
From what has gone before it can be seen that ?. spicatus is frequently 
so common in totara-forest that it is sub-dominant at least but, on the other 
hand, it is rare or absent in many taxad-forests and, even when the principal 
tree for a time,'it hardly forms more than a society. Such societies still remain 
and their crowns more spreading than usual. 
ons small societies on the flats of nearly all the Westlan d rivers as far S. 
"short bunched trunks dividing into several long, heavy branches”. 
As already-noted 2. spicatus is now extremely rare in Stewart Island, but 
' on certain parts of the Southland Plain, the trees close together, rather Shanbed 
‚According to ROBERTS (Forestry in New Zealand, 1909: 52), P. de, a = 
as the Cascade River. He also mentions stunted trees, 2.4 m in diam. with 
A 
