.  Aquatic Associations. — Swamp. — Moor, 249 
terioides, E. macropus, Hydrocotyle novae-zelandiae, Schizeilema nitens, Isotoma 
Auviatılis, Pratia angulata, Mazus radicans, Ourisia Crosbyi, Plantago triandra, 
P. unıflora, P. Browniül, P. lanigera, Gnaphalium paludosum, G. Traversii 
var. Mackayı, Helichrysum bellidioides, Cotula squalida, Abrotanella linearis 
and Craspedia uniflora. 
The associations of lakes differ but little from those of the lowland belt. 
The same species of Potamögeton and Myriophyllum are present and the 
swamp species of the margin‘) are all lowland forms. /soetes alpinus and 
Pilularia novae-zealandiae, submerged aquatics, are probably common. 
7. Swamp. 
Swamp occurs principally in the montane valleys of the South Island and 
owes its origin to frequent flooding of the ground by rivers and streams, 
especially during rapid melting of snow; where the drainage is insufficient, it 
is readily transformed into moor. There is little of an alpine character about 
the formation; Carer virgata or C. secta are frequently dominant and C. Zer- 
narıa, C. stellulata and C. diandra are extremely common. 
8. Moor. 
There is little to separate badly-drained herb-field®) from moor, the chief 
distinctions being a more boggy soil and the presence usually of more or 
less Sphagnum and shallow water-holes. 
The number of species for the whole formation is ıro, belonging to 32 
families and 65 genera, and made up of the following growth-forms: — Trees 
(much-stunted) 3; shrubs ı9; herbs 67; grass-like plants ı3; rush-like 5 and 
ferns 3. Cushion-plants number ıı. The following are some of the most 
important and wide-spread species: — Gleichenia alpina, Dacrydium laxıfolium, 
Danthonia Raoulüi, Scirpus aucklandicus, Carpha alpına, Schoenus paucıflorus, 
Oreobolus pectinatus, Carex Gaudichaudiana, Hypolaena lateriflora, Gaimardia 
etliata, Astelia linearis, Herpolirion novae-zelandiae, Drosera arcturi, D. 
spathulata, Geranium microphyllum, Viola Omi. Leptospermum Sco- 
Parium, Halorrhagis micrantha, Gaultheria depressa, Pentachondra pumila, 
Beyphelin empetrifolia, Veronica buxifolia, Utricularia monanthos, Kae 
Colensoi, Celmisia glandulosa and Gnaphalium paludosum. 
As in ae so here, the degree of drainage is reflected in the 
associations. 
a) Schoenus-pauciflorus moor. 
This is a most conspicuous association of the South En steppe area, 
as also to some extent on the Volcanic Plateau. S. fauciflorus is dominant, 
the reddish-colour of its tussocks marking it off, at a considerable distance 
Zybka 6 angustifolia var. Muelleri ascends to about 750 m, on an average, in the South 
u; Eleocharis Cunninghamii, Cladium glomeratum, Carex subdola, C. secta and C. Psewdoc 
s are the accompanying plants of shallower water. 
2) Indeed I am ee such “Herb-moor” 
