the conditions are truly boggy the dark-green Liparophyllum Gunnii forms 
250 The Plant Formations of the High Mountains. , 
from the brown tussock-steppe of the South Island. Although the moor is 
traversed by running streams, the ground is sopping wet. Sphagnum-cushions 
are usually plentiful and growing on them certain small herbs,. e. g. — Blech- 
num penna marina, species of Drosera, Geranium microphyllum, Viola 
Cunninghamii, Halorrhagis micrantha, Nertera Balfouriana and Celmisia 
longifolia var. alpina. Chrysobactron Hookeri var. angustifolia is usually 
abundant. : 
Closely related to the above in the North-eastern and Eastern districts 
are associations where Schoenus is not dominant, Sphagnum abundant and 
shrubs present e. g. — Leptospermum scoparium, Ga depressa, G. ru- 
pestris, Dracophyllum uniflerum, Veronica buxifolia and Cassinia Vanwilliersi,. 
stelia montana is frequently an important feature. In many places, Carex 
Gaudichaudiana will dominate. 
6) Badly-drained moor. 
1. Cushion-moor. 
The ground will be extremely wet peat and quake under the feet; there 
will be pools of water and floating Sphagnum. The greatest development of 
the association is on wet South Island mountains and the boggy areas are 
usually quite small. The special feature is the numerous, small, dense 
 cushions of the following, some of which may be absent: ar pec- 
finatus, O. strictus, Gaimardia ciliata, G. setacea, Piyliachne clavigera, P. 
Colensoi and Donatia novae-zelandiae. Fr addition most of the following will 
present: — Gleichenia alpina,, Daerydium laxifolium, bushes of D. Bid- 
willii, Carex Berggreni (South Otago), Carpha alpina, Hypolaena lateriflora, 
Astelia linearis, species of Drosera, prostrate Leptospermum scoparium, Plan- 
ago triandra, Pentachondra Pumila, Styphelia empetrifolia, 5. fumila, one or 
u ae es of RE Celmisia longifolia var. RR and C. ke ee 
er . Hypolaena-Gleichenia Mes: 
This. association closely resembles that. of the lowlands; many of: Ihe 
species already mentioned will be present. | 
Moor of this character occurs on the Volcanic Plateau, hu its presence 
rer er abundant ground-water ‚supplied by melting of the winter snow 
‚since the drainage is good. Gleichenia alpina is plentiful but the grass-like 
; Carpha .alpina with its pale-green leaves, withered and twisted at their extre- 
mities, is the special feature. There is abundance also of Oreobolus ‚pectinatus, 
Viola Cunninghamii and Celmisia glandulosa. In the same district where 
close mats together with a turf of Carpha alpina, Scirpus erassiusculus, | 
se and nn paludosum. Urichlaria ersnese ely 
