2 themum and Achillea Millefolium. 
282 The Introduced Plants growing wild without Cultivation. 
The Kermadec Province, according to OLIVER (1910: 173, 174) contains 52 ; 
species including Cordyline terminalis, Aleurites moluccana and Ageratum cony- 
zoides, plants not included in my estimate as above, but which are probably 
introduced. I have insufficient data on which to place an estimate for the 
Chatham Province, but it must contain more than 60 species. As for the 
Subantarctic Province, only 25 species have been recorded so far, including 
Phormium tenax and Acaena Sanguisorbae, but I doubt if very many more 
species will be found. 
The species themselves differ greatly in their eive abundance and there 
is a gradual decrease from those of the widest distribution and with ample 
individuals to such as are only recorded so far from one or two localities, 
where they just hold their own. Certain species, too, are present in abundance, 
but they are confined to a definite habitat of perhaps limited extent and others, 
again, are restricted to the cultivated areas, or to waysides, and really have 
little or nothing to do with modifying the primitive associations. It is then 
a most difficult matter to decide as to relative abundance or importance, and 
I am far from satisfied with the figures about to be given, since species be- 
longing to different categories are counted as equal. About 61 species may 
be considered extremely common, 33 common, 77 fairly common, 129 local, 
136 rare and 77 extremely rare. Adding the last three classes together the 
total 342 represents no less than 66 p. c. of the introduced flora, the common 
species forming only 33 p.c. Even, if the local species be erkiuded from 
the estimate, 273 species (41 P. c.) are so rare as to be negligable at present. 
_ Perhaps the most widely spread species are Rumexr Acetosella and Hypochveris 
radicata, followed, but at some distance, by Poa pratensis, Holcus lanatus. 
and Trifolium repens. But none of the above are’ nearly so “aggressive”, or 
‚ have spread so widely under the influence of settlement, as the indigenous 
Pieridium esculentum, Leptospermum scoparium or perhaps Danthonia pilosa 
.agg. Various forms of Acaena novae-zelandiae and A. Sanguisorbae are 
Anthoxanthum odoratum, Ara caryophyllea, Dactylis glomerata, Bromus ‚hor- 
deaceus, Chenopodium album, Sisymbrium officinale, Rubus fruticosus, Rosa 
Eglanteria, Ulex europaeus, Cytisus scoparius, Trifolium dubium, Erodium 
Cicutarium, Centaurium umbellatum, Bartsia viscosa, Plantago lanceolata, Er- 
geron canadensis, Cnicus arvensis, re Tanceolanıs, Chrysanthemum Leucan- 
In order to ascertain more fully the Position the introduced plants hold 
in the vegetation a few quite general details can be given as to the habitats 
they occupy. Of these, one of the most common may be termed “waste- 
ground”, such as occurs on roadsides, on little-used roads themselves, on 
railway embankments and the like, on unused sections in towns and, indeed, “ 
on bare ground generally, where such occurs in the settled districts. Obvi / 
far more than ‚one. eben is (here ee but in the N en en 
