Displacement and Replacement. 285 
the weather‘), since on a successful “burn” depends the future success of the 
subsequent operations. The lighting of the fires takes place along as long a 
line as possible at right angles to the wind. Rapidity of burning is essential, so 
that on a large “block” as many as forty men may be required. Almost before the 
ashes have stopped smoking, and certainly before they are cold, the seed is sown. 
he sowers sow by hand, carrying the seed’°) in bags, which are ordinary 
sacks cut half-way down, a flap being thus formed in front, while a hole is 
cut in the back through which the man thrusts his head. The seed is scattered 
right and left, both hands being used, and, at each step, a handful of seed is 
thrown. The sowers form a Ma line, so that one man slighly overlaps 
the work of another. The sight of the Kur of sowers crossing a log-strewn 
area where walking unburdened is no easy matter for a novice, each carryin 
a heavy bag and scattering the seed without cessation is not easily forgotten. 
The amount sown per hectare varies from 20 to 30 kg. The following 
are the chief species sown: — Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, L. italicum, 
Phleum pratense, Alopecurus pratensis, Poa Ppratensis, Cynosurus cristatus, Agrostis 
alba, Trifolium pratense, T. repens, T. hybridum. Other grasses (Festuca spp.) 
and clovers are occasionally used but the bulk of the seed consists of the first 
two species in the list®.. A certain amount of rape, 'mustard and soft turnip 
is included in the un, so as to provide food for such stock as are turned 
on to the land within a few months of sowin 
4 Within ı2 months from felling the forest the land is fully stocked and the 
_trampling of the animals consolidates the ground and greatly assists in forming 
a sward. Where hilly, sheep are generally er the richer bottom- 
lands are used for cattle. er 
By slow degrees, in process of time, the unburned logs decayo or are  burnt, : 
