The Elements of the Flora. all 
hereditary variation it is, in many cases, hard to draw the line. This great * 
variation makes the delimitation of species extremely difficult in no few genera, 
so that no two taxonomists working with the same material could possibly 
arrive at similar conclusions. The following genera are specially variable‘) 
throughout the whole of their range: — Asplenium (Filices), Calamagrostis, 
Deschampsia, Danthonia, Koeleria, Poa, Festuca, Agropyron (Gramineae), Scır- 
pus, Uncinia, Carex (Cyperac.), Juncus, Luzula (Juncac.), Phormium (Liliac.), 
Muehlenbeckia (Polygonac.), Colobanthus (Caryophyllac.), Clematis, Ranunculus 
(Ranunculac.), Cardamine (Cruciferae), Pittosporum (Pittosporac.), Rubus, Acaena 
(Rosac.), Carmichaelia, Sophora (Legum.), Oxalis (Oxalidac.), Coriaria (Coriariac.), 
Aristotelia (Elaeocarpac.), Zoheria (Malvac.), Pimelea, Drapetes (Thymelaeac.), 
Leptospermum (Myrtac.), Epllobium, Fuchsia (Onieie) Halorrhagıs, Gunnera 
(Halorrhagac.), Apium, Hydrocotyle, Aciphylla, Anisotome (Umbel.), Gaultheria 
(Ericac.), Dracophyllum (Epacridac.), Gentiana (Gentianac.), Myosotis (Borraginac.), 
Veronica, Ourisia, Euphrasia (Scrophulariac.), Plantago (Plantaginac.), Coprosma 
(Rubiac.), Alseuosmia (Caprifoliac.), Wahlenbergia (Campanulac.), Forstera: 
(Stylidiac.), Zagenophora, Olearia, Celmisia, Cotula, Gnaphalium, Helichrysum, 
Craspedia, and Senecio (Compos.). 
2. The Elements of the Flora. 
a. The Endemic element. 
The endemic species of pteridophyta and spermophyta kintriber 1322 and 
constitute 74 p. c. of the flora. If the above two classes be considered se- 
parately the specific endemism is respectively 26 p. c.and 79 p. c., while for the 
dicotyledons alone it rises to 85 p. c. The degree of endemism is by no means _ R 
the same tor all the species, but it differs greatly, the two extremes being 
on the one hand, those species or groups of species only distantly related to 
any other either in New Zealand or elsewhere and those weh bear a strong 
relationship to species of other countries where they 
carious representativen For the purposes of this book 
a ARTE himchlena, cirrhosa 7 
 emism of the second. BT This incl 
very distantly related to tot 
_ or group. As above a group will have only 
mernbers Ba into Class e ee are: 
