314 The Families, Genera and Elements of the Flora. 
to the Subantarctic district, differs chiefly from the almost endemic Celmisia in 
habit and the heads being in racemes; Haastia (Compos.) contains four species, 
related to no indigenous genus but to the Madagascan Pszadia; Raoulia') (Com- 
pos.) contains 20 species, related to the Australian EN and Graphalium, 
the cushion-species and some few others constitute the subgenus Psychro- 
Phyton, Leucogenes (Compos.) contains three species which are more closely 
related to Psychrophyton than to any other of the Gnaphaloid-Comzpositae; 
Brachygloitis (Compos.) contains at most two species which are closely allied 
to the shrubby section of the genus Senecio; Traversia (Compos.) monotypic, 
very closely related to Senecio and by BENTHAM and HOOKER united to that 
‚genus, but it differs in the rigid pappus, coriaceous involucral scales, and leaf- 
venation, as HOOKER pointed out, and is allied to the Juan Fernandez genera 
Balbisia and Robinsonia. 
demism of a usually less marked character is shown by the following 
endemic divisions of genera numbering 15: — Scirpus (sect. Desmoschoenus); 
Lepyrodia (sect. Sporodanthus”)), ı species L. Traversü, the rest of the genus 
purely Australian; the group of six dwarf species of Luzula, L. Colensoi, L. 
 crenulata &c.; Cordyline (sect. Dracaenopsis); Knightia, the type of the genus 
K. excelsa endemic, the remaining two species New Caledonian and form a 
sub-genus; Beilschmipdin the two endemic species form HOOKER’s genus Neso- 
daphne;, Acaena (sect. Microphyllae); Carmichaelia (sect. Huttonella);, Epilobium, 
the group Dermatophyllae; Fuchsia. ‚sect. Skinnera); Suttonia (sub-gen. Eusutto- 
nia), Veronica (section Pygmaea); Veronica (group including those of cupressoid- 
form from V. Gilliesiana to V. cupressoides according to CHEESEMAN 1906: 
496—497); Olearia insignis since it differs, as CHEESEMAN points out, from 
the typical members of the genus, in the large broadiy ovoid involucre, its 
cts in very many series and the pappus of perfectly equal hairs (1906: 280); 
Olearia (Shawia) Forsteri and coriacca differs from other species of the genus 
in the heads xever containing more than one floret. 
If Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands were attached to the'region, as they 
well might be, and leaving aside their special endemism, the endemic genera 
would be TREE by Phormium, Rhopalostylis and Beseckicha: With these 
additions, the total major and minor generic endemism rises to 51. vr 
_ 
‚6. The Palaeoselandic element. 
a Considering the origin of the New Zealand flora, and indeed rt 
islands i in general, the custom is to assume that the land was gradually peopled 
by plants from adjacent land-surfaces. But in the case of New Zealand, since 
the present dry ee ‚dates from mesozoic times; and, that. long before 
the angiosperms had appcared on any part of the earth, its area, then quite 
1) The Tasmanian species ‚formerly veferred to this rs Have Ben put by BEAUvERD ir 
his new genus Zwartia. 
1 In m erlon in 12008 ro 0 is Bk, m 208 oma, av rn 
en ie re ‚so it ae EP. come in a ie 
