The Elements of the Flora. 317 
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the following principal classes: — ı. Species of Australian origin. 2. Species 
of New Zealand origin. 3. with an equal claim to be considered either New 
Zealand or Australian. 4. Malayan. 5. Subantarctic. 
Taking the pteridophyta, the total number of species common to the two 
is 77 (48 p. c.) which arranged according to the above classes give, — ı. 2 species; 
2. 7 of.which 6 are of subantarctic character; 3. 5; 4. 50 or 65 p.c.; 5. 10; 
and there is also Todaea barbara, occurring in South Africa, ı European species 
and ı with a vicarious Northern representative. The monocotyledons number 91 
(23 p.c.) and fall into ı. 34 species; 2. ı3 of which ı0 are of subantarctic 
character; 3. 15; 4. 9; 5. 4; and there are also 6 belonging to the temperate 
Northern hemisphere, 8 with vicarious representatives in the latter, ı almost 
cosmopolitan and ı occurring also in South Africa and St. Helena. In ad- 
dition, 6 species have vicarious representatives in Australia. Coming finally 
to the dicotyledons the total is 100 and the percentage drops to 9 p. c. 
Arranged as above the figures are, — ı. 33 species; 2. 22, of which ı3 are 
of subantarctic character; 3. 16; 4. 65 5. 17; and in addition 2 are North 
temperate, 2 are represented by North temperate vicarious species, and 2 occur 
on Tristan da Cunha, ı of which is also South African. 
The statistics and details as given above, greatly exaggerate the importance 
of the Australian element and also the floristic relations of the two floras. 
considerable part of the species common to both, occur only on the mountains 
of Tasmania and the higher Australian Alps. Many families and genera, 
characteristically Australian, are either absent or very poorly represented, e. g., 
— Eucalyptus, Callistemon, Melaleuca and other Myrtaceae, Proteaceae of which 
there are but 2 species in New Zealand, Dilleniaceae, Tremandraceae, genera 
of Leguminosae such as Acacia and Pultenaca, the important family Rutaceae 
with the genera Boronia and Eriostemon, Casuarina, various monocotyledonous 
‚genera &c. Ji 25 hardly going too far to say that it would be possible for one 
to have an excellent acquaintance with the botany of Eastern Australia and yet 
!o be acquainted with very few indeed of the species which extend to New 
Zealand. 
d. The Subantarctic element, 
t is the presence of a well-defined element common to New Zealand, 
Eastern Australia and Tasmania, subantarctic South America, and the extra- 
New Zealand subantarctic Flache that has given rise to endless speculations 
as to its origin. 
ı. Genera'). 
The following genera, ı29 in number, are common to Subantarctic 
South America &c. New Zealand and. in the majority of cases Australia‘) 
also: — ee ee, Trichomanes, Dicksonia, Cheilanthes, Pellaea, Cys- 
) The reader should consult the volume of this series on Chile [REICHE 1907: pp. 299—302) 
where more details are given than there is space for here; also Hrmsrev, 1835: pp. 52—58 
2) The mark + attached to a genus or species means absent in Aus tralia, 
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