” 
se 
ee 
322 The Families, Genera and Elements of the Flora. 
— var. australiensis, Luzula campestris — vars. Petriana, picta, migrata &c., 
a remarkable series (Junc.); Chenopodium glaucum — var. ambiguum (Chenopod.);, 
Cardamine hirsuta — C. heterophylla (Crucif.); Potentilla anserina — var. 
anserinoides (Rosac.); Geranium dissectum — G. pillosum (Geran.); Epilobium 
tetragonum — E. Billardierianum (Onagrac.); Apium graveolens — A. pro- 
stratum (Umbel.); Taraxacum offieinale — T. magellanicum (Compos.). 
Carex stellulata, cited above, a common species in the N., is an inter- 
esting case, since it is confined in the Southern hemisphere to New Zealand 
and Australia. More remarkable still is the fact that C. /agopina, a species 
of arctic and alpine Eur-Asia and N. America, in the S. is restricted to 
altitudes of 1200 m and upwards in the South Island of New Zealand and 
according to CHEESEMAN is BRGUERESN indigenous (1906 : 818). 
Kerl Howe and Norfolk Islands. 
The fairly close Horistie relationship of the above islands to New Zealand 
has already been noted when dealing with the Kermadec Group and certain 
statistics given. Here only a few special details are necessary. The following 
otherwise endemic New Zealand species extend to Lord Howe Island: — 
Gahnia xanthocarpa, Uncinia filiformis‘) and Hymenanthera novae-zelandiae 
(according to W. R. OLIVER). Coprosma Baueri”) occurs in Howe, Norfolk 
and New Zealand. More important however is the occurrence of Carmichaelia 
and Sophora tetraptera. The other New Zealand species with one or two 
exceptions are likewise Australian and this also applies to Norfolk Island. 
The special New Zealand-Norfolk Island species are: — Phormium tenax, 
Muehlenbeckia australis and Olea apetala. There are also the following vic- 
arious species: — Rhopalostylis Baueri — R. sapida, R. Cheesemanii, Pennantia 
Endlicheri — P. corymbosa; Hymenanthera latifolia — H. novae-zelandiae; 
Sideroxylon costatum — 5. novo-zelandicum. - The most important features are 
e presence of the genera Phormium and Rhopalostylis. e 
% 
. 
3. General Conclusions. 
In order to pave the way for the concluding part of this work it is ad 
visable to state briefly some conclusions derived lies the details given in this 
chapter. 
The flora of New Zealand, neliihelähline its strong endemism, possesses 
two » very distinct elements not floristic only but ecological. The first, and, 
as T believe, the more primitive, is not one simple floristic entity, but consists 
of a aa of the palaeozelandic and subantarctic elements of the 2, 
ı) But as var. debilior En W.R. Oliver es to ı.Olen, but KürenTuAL refers he > 
ine to U. riparia R. Br., an Australian-New Zealand species 
2) W. R. OLiver (T. N. Z. L, (1917): 153) restriets C. Mar £ Norfolk Island and separates 
the Lord Howe plant under the name C. frisca and restores Hookers mame re/usa for the NZ 
Be plant. To 
the: same group a =E ag Verheeeie and r eier ame 
nn 
