26 
the “Red Belt" owing to the red appearance of the injured coni- 
fers, especially of the pines em masse, and the occurrence in most 
instances of the injured portion of the forest in narrow bands or 
strips of land, situated on the slopes of hills or mountains and 
running parallel to their bases, or to the valley floor below. The 
injury, judging from a consensus of observations by a number of 
observers, must have occurred in January, 1909, but was first 
noticed some time after it occurred, when the leaves began to red- 
den and dry out. This injury took place at a time when the injury 
by smelter fumes in the region around Anaconda was a matter both 
of considerable discussion and litigation. This region reached 
by fumes from the Washoe smelter will be called the Smelter 
Zone in this paper. The matter of injury to the conifers in the 
Deerlodge National Forest became a matter of controversy, 
and the question naturally arose as to whether any of the Кеа 
Belt" type of winter injury had occurred in the Smelter Zone. 
The writer has spent a considerable portion of the past two 
summers making a study of the injury to trees by smelter fumes 
as compared with that of the winter of 1908-9 in order to separate 
the two forms of injury by differences apparent to the eye in the 
forest. It is found that while there are fine color distinctions 
in the two forms of injury that are easy to detect, when it comes 
to describing them in words, it is difficult to find terms to express 
these color distinctions exactly; on the other hand it is much 
easier to describe both their initial and final effects upon growth 
and behavior of the trees affected. 
Smelter fumes and winter injury both redden the needles of 
pines in the more acute forms of each, but the smelter injury 
causes a brighter color and does not so often kill the whole leaf 
as in case of winter injury. In case of lodgepole pine and of 
Douglas fir trees, the Red Belt winter injury in the acute form 
killed not only the leaves but often the terminal buds and twigs, 
and the whole tree died the season following the injury. In the 
acute form of smelter or SO, injury the leaves die more gradu- - 
ally, and the terminal buds especially of the top shoots are the last 
to die. The death of such trees takes place slowly, from a more 
or less gradual defoliation often extending through several years; 
жары ыта T EMG SENI VA TY TO EOE te S 
