98 
river at Easton. The distance between Lehigh Gap and Allen- 
town, by water, is eighteen miles and from Allentown to Easton 
fourteen miles. 
There are seventeen townships in the county and all but two 
of them lie between the two rivers and the Blue mountain. The 
other two lie south of the Lehigh river. On the south the county 
borders on Bucks county. 
Northampton county may be divided into three prominent 
geological regions. These are the slate belt in the northern por- 
tion, the limestone belt in the middle, and the syenite or gneiss 
belt in the southern portion of the county. 
As has already been noted, the Kittatinny mountain extends 
along the northern border of the county. It isa ridge of Oneida 
sandstone. Its narrow, rocky crest is generally of the uniform 
height of 1,500 to 1,600 feet above the sea. There are, however, 
several depressions along its crest, among them being Little Gap, 
four miles east of Lehigh Gap; Tot’s Gap, two and one half 
miles west of the Delaware Water Gap; Fox’s Gap, one mile west 
of Tot’s Gap; Wind Gap, eleven miles west of the Delaware 
Water Gap. Probaby the most curious is the Wind Gap which is 
five hundred feet deep. A railroad passes through it, the crest 
of the mountain east and west of it being at about 1,500 feet, 
while the highest railroad grade level in the gap is at 978 feet. 
To the south of the mountain lies the Great Valley, so called by 
the early settlers, but in the language of the Lenni Lenape or 
Delaware river Indians it is known as the Kittatinny Valley. 
The mountain, no doubt, received its name from the valley, but 
when seen from the southern portion of the county on a clear 
day it has a bluish tint, hence is frequently known as the Blue 
mountain. 
To the south of the mountain extends a steep slope of Hudson 
river slate which is covered by fragments of sandstone. This 
slate belt occupies a nearly uniform width of about nine miles 
from the mountain crest and has a height of approximately two 
hundred feet above the flat limestone belt and extends from the 
Delaware to the Lehigh river. It is a region of low, flat-topped 
hills with numerous small valleys. The soil is largely clayey in 
structure. 
