TORRNEYA 
July, 1912 
Vol. 12 No. 7 
THE DIVERSE HABITATS OF THE EASTERN RED 
CEDAR AND THEIR INTERPRETATION 
By RoLAND M. HARPER 
The red cedar of Eastern North America, Juniperus virgin- 
tana L.* (also called in some recent books Sabina virginiana) is 
noteworthy for the variety of habitats in which it is found; and 
some writers have regarded it as almost indifferent to environ- 
mental conditions. 
On the coast of Long Island, Georgia, northeastern Florida, 
and no doubt at many intermediate points, Juniperus grows 
on the borders of salt and brackish marshes, and in Georgia— 
perhaps not so much farther north—it is frequent on low sandy 
islands in the marshes. It is said to grow on dunes on the shores 
of Lakes Michigan and Erie, and at many places on the Atlantic 
coast. In West Florida and perhaps elsewhere it is found in the 
estuarine swamps of muddy rivers. In Middle Georgia, par- 
ticularly in DeKalb, Rockdale and Columbia Counties, it is 
frequent, though not abundant, on flat almost bare exposures 
of granite; and in Alabama and several other states it can be 
[No. 6, Vol. 12, of TORREYA, comprising pp. 121-143, was issued 11 June 1912.] 
* The cedars of central Texas, the Rocky Mountain region and farther west, 
formerly referred to this species, have been separated by various authorities in 
те years, probably with good reason. At the same time those of Flori 
ghboring parts of other states have been referred to a West Indian species, J. 
Boden L. But the alleged differences between the northern and southern 
Е seem to be no greater than many other trees exhibit іп different habitats, 
no one has ever succeeded in drawing a sharp line between them on the map. 
jt di Florida cedar was really identical with a West Indian one we would naturally 
expect to find it in the extreme southern part of the'state, like many other tropical 
trees; - no x пеге seems to have been reported south of Brevard County on 
ea tee on the west. Just what the relationship is between our 
cedar and those of Bermuda and the Bahamas does not concern the present paper. 
145 
