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pale; foliage normal. Scattered plants, where porrifolius and 
dubius grow together. A plant I watched for seed proved 
entirely sterile. 
Tragopogon dubius Scopoli 
Corolla clear lemon yellow; stigma gray or blackish; anthers 
black, with ochreous marginal line; involucral bracts normally 
I3, but 8 in smaller plants; bracts entirely green, extending about 
Io mm. beyond lateral corollas; tips of pappus and subapical 
hairs very pale brownish, not at all purple; fruiting heads not 
greatly broadened at base, but stem below greatly, but not at 
all abruptly, swollen; achenes very strongly tuberculate; foliage 
normal, the leaves straight. The heads are about 21% inches 
broad when well developed. Abundant. 
Mr. Standley, after seeing a head and my notes, wrote: “seems 
to be known in Europe as Tragopogon pratensis minor Fries. 
Probably this is the same as dubius Scop., at least so far as one 
can tell from the descriptions. Some authors cite the two as 
synonyms." My plant agrees very closely with the description 
of T. dubius in Wilczek and Schinz, Flore de la Suisse (1909), 
p.629. The only discrepancy is in the number of bracts, which 
these authors give as 10 to 12. 
Tragopogon pratensis tortilis Pritz * 
Corolla chrome yellow (dandelion yellow); stigma clear pale 
orange; anthers black on outer side except at base, with ochreous 
marginal line; involucral bracts constantly 8; outer bracts with 
very conspicuous purple margins; bracts not extending beyond 
corollas; pappus colored as in dubius; fruiting heads very broad 
at base, but stem below little swollen; margins of leaves crinkled, 
wavy (but straight when flattened out), ends of leaves much 
curled, many of them corkscrew-like. 
Mr. Standley says that this is T. pratensis tortilis Pritz, of 
which T. undulatus Reichenb. and T. pratensis undulatus Thuill. 
are synonyms. The Index Kewensis gives T. tortilis Pritz, 
Ic. Ind. ii, 275, and T. undulatus Thuill, Fl. Par. ed. II, 396 
(not undulatus Jacq.); both as synonyms of Pratensis. 
* Since this was written I have (Aug. 1912) found tortilis in a garden at Santa 
Fé, N. Mex. 
