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to certain matters which he wishes to prove, and hence cites 
and quotes from those who favor his views more extensively and 
freely than from those who are opposed. For example, he says, 
in connection with the glaciers of the Ice Age: “To attempt even 
to discuss all the various lines of evidence which have led to the 
almost general acceptance of the land-ice theory, as understood 
at the present day, would be impossible in a work of this nature. 
I only wish to bring forward some of the chief reasons which have 
prevailed upon me to reject this theory." Conservative geolo- 
gists might also regard some of his theories as more or less 
superfluous or unnecessary as, for instance, when he proposes to 
account for the well recognized marine or brackish-water condi- 
tions in the Great Lakes region during Pleistocene time in the 
following words: ‘Supposing the waters of the Arctic Ocean had 
risen, perhaps in consequence of the closing of the Atlantic 
Ocean, and had poured into Hudson Bay, overflowing its banks, 
and had then crossed the low-lying watershed separating this 
region from the depressions of the Great Lakes, the latter would 
soon have filled with brackish water. . . . I presume, of course, 
that troughs, not necessarily like the lakes now existing, already 
occupied the same region in pre-Glacial times." And then the 
generally accepted theory, based upon observed facts, is dismissed 
in the following summary manner: "Such an hypothesis of this 
area having been invaded by the sea in Pleistocene times is 
supported by some biological evidence, though it is usually 
argued that the ocean crept inland through the St. Lawrence 
and Hudson River Valley.” 
The geological discussions in general, especially such as relate 
to assumed former physiographic conditions and continental 
land connections, are reasonably complete, even including an 
argument for the former existence of a second “Atlantis,” in 
the form of a land bridge in the Tertiary period, in order to 
account for certain phenomena of modern faunal distribution in 
the West Indian and Mediterranean regions. 
Several excellent lines of argument are narrowly missed by 
the author in connection with his remarks on climatic conditions 
and unglaciated areas during the Glacial epoch, but his arguments 
