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18 GUIDE. 



The end of autumn is the best season for saplings of large trees from nurseries to 

 take root in friable soil and in warm climates. Planting at the end of winter is more 

 appropriate in hard or in wet soil and in northern climates. Nonetheless, the timing will 

 vary with the kind of tree, the amount of moisture in the soil, and with a number of other 

 local conditions. More precisely, such trees can be planted after they've shed their leaves 

 and up until the time that new buds are just developing and leafing out. The right soil for 

 this type of planting can't be specified; it has to vary with the type of tree to be planted in 

 it. As a rule, it ought to be loose, penetrable by roots, free of large stones, and at least 

 three or four feet deep. It must be protected from domestic animals and particularly from 

 wild animals that can irreparably damage the young trees. 



Several species of trees that already have had their taproots cut off when moved 

 from the seed bed to a nursery no longer need to undergo the same operation on their 

 roots when they're lifted for permanent planting. If the trees have been lifted carefully, 

 with their roots intact, it's enough just to trim the ends. But often the haste and 

 clumsiness with which they are pulled up requires two further operations that spoil both 

 the trees' health and the planters' enjoyment of them. The first is dressing the roots; i.e. 

 cutting back to where 



