FRUIT TREES. Chap. I. 29 



the other as in n, Fig. 9, taking care, as already mentioned, to position the insides of the 

 barks in the same way. The entire graft is tied up & coated. 



Methods three & four of this operation are easy to do only while the sap is not 

 running, when the bark adheres to the wood. 



This type of graft is more certain to be successful as long as the grafted branch 

 draws its nourishment from its own base up to the point where it forms a union with its 

 stock, because it's separated only after the union has taken place, i.e. it's cut off obliquely 

 below the ligature & the cut covered with wax. 



Quite large branches can be approach-grafted, & since they're not cut back at all, 

 they develop into trees in a short time. 



We've assumed that approach-grafted branches remain connected to their own tree 

 until they've made a union with the stock. But they also can be separated from their tree, 

 the large end planted at the base of the stock, & grafted near the other end, which then 

 must be cut back to three or four buds above the insertion point. Such branches draw 

 sustenance from the ground that aids & assures the success of the grafts. Sometimes the 

 buried part even takes root at the same time that the grafted part adheres to the stock, & 

 the same branch thus provides both a graft and a cutting. This operation can be performed 

 only before the first run of sap. 



The approach graft, despite the ease with which it's done, the certainty of its 

 success, the advantage it offers for placing branches on the side of a tree that lacks them, 

 as in Fig. 10, &c, is used almost only for propagating rare trees. 



V. Grafting by Flute Budding (Child's Flute, Whistle), Fig. 11. Start with 



a smooth, well-rounded branch H, of the latest growth 



