FRUIT TREES. Chap. II. 37 



would be only a year old & ready to produce new branches as a result. But experience has 

 shown that such re-grafted grafts succeed poorly. A glance easily distinguishes them. 



Article II. On Preparing the Ground. 



THE LOCATION planned for each tree should be prepared several months before 

 planting. 



In vineyards, fields, orchards, &c, if the soil is good, holes of eighteen or twenty - 

 two-&-a-half cubic feet are dug out, i.e. three linear feet in length, the same in width, & 

 two-&-one-half or three feet in depth. If the dimensions are smaller, part of the plant is 

 liable to fail; if larger, it would be beneficial but costly if a substantial grove is to be 

 planted. The first earth taken out is piled on one side of the hole, & the earth from the 

 bottom on the other side. If the soil is only of average quality, the holes must be widened, 

 and the soil from the bottom discarded & substituted with sod or good topsoil taken from 

 nearby ground or from somewhere else. The holes are left open until planting time. 



When an orchard is planted repeatedly by staggered planting or otherwise, and the 

 soil is only average, it's preferable to run the trenches the entire length of the rows of 

 trees, three feet wide, two-&-one-half or three feet deep, & improve the soil as we've just 

 said. 



In the case of new espalier walls intended for planting, that are already built, 

 plastered, coped, supplied with trellises, &c, as will be explained below, the beds are dug 

 up six feet wide & about three feet deep. If the soil is good & its quality is suited to the 

 kinds of trees 



