42 TREATISE ON 



& other trees, from twelve to fifteen feet; the latter from ten to twelve, the former from 

 twelve to fifteen feet. If the wall is nine to ten feet high, a half-standard tree from four to 

 four-&-a-half feet high is planted between each dwarf tree. It's pruned a little at a time as 

 the dwarfs grow out & cut back if by the February pruning it doesn't leave fifteen to 

 eighteen inches for them to put out their new shoots. But the half-standard trees can live 

 quite a long time to compensate for the space that they've occupied. If the walls are ten 

 feet high or more, standard trees of five-&-a-half to six feet are planted between the low- 

 stemmed trees. 3°. Bush trees, those on counter-espaliers, in fan training, palisaded, &c. 

 around kitchen garden plots are planted at the same intervals as low-stemmed trees on 

 espaliers, & an apple tree on a Paradise stock can be planted in between them. 



Appearance requires that in a planting all standard trees are be of the same height 

 up to where their branches begin, whether they're in the open or on espalier, & the same 

 goes for half-standard trees. Never plant one species & its varieties together at random; 

 rather all trees of the same species are placed on the same espalier or in the same row, & 

 the varieties are arranged according to the time that they mature. This is a consideration 

 that, beyond the neatness that it gives to a planting, has real advantages as much for 

 raising the trees & harvesting the fruit as it does for renewing the planting when the crops 

 have to be rotated and one wants to be spared having to change the soil. 



Article IV. On the Time & Method for Transplanting Trees. 



The planting season is from mid-October up to March; or rather for the full time 

 that the sap in the trees is 



