FRUIT TREES. Chap. II. 45 



& if there are two large ones opposite one another, place them parallel to the wall. 3°. 

 Lateral branches that will be saved to establish the shape of the tree are oriented in the 

 same direction. 4°. If the graft curves upward from its origin, turn the curvature opposite 

 the wall, or away from it, but not to one side & parallel to the wall. 5°. Turn the graft 

 outward from the wall, & the incision in the stock that is still uncovered toward the wall. 

 If all of these conditions can't be met, sacrifice the least important in favor of the essential 

 ones, namely the direction of the branches & roots. For other trees, the strongest roots 

 must be directed toward the best soil. Set the trunks well upright and further tamp down 

 the earth to keep the trees from being dislodged or upended by the wind. If they're 

 planted in open ground, equip them with points & with three or four firmly embedded 

 stakes that extend four or five feet out of the ground. All of it is secured around the trunk 

 with good osiers or briers. 



Article V. On Trees Grown on Location. 



Up to this point I've assumed that trees raised in a particular nursery are given life 

 and develop under the eye of the proprietor who follows their progress. He makes sure of 

 the stocks & of the species from which the grafts were derived, their correspondence with 

 one another, the quality of the soil in his nursery & of the soil where the young trees are 

 transplanted. He himself sees to it that they are lifted & replanted carefully, guaranteeing 

 that his plantings are completely successful and satisfying. But my assumption is 

 confirmed only rarely & among but a small number of experts who are truly interested in 

 getting the fullest, most beautiful & most delicious kinds of fruit. 



The procedure suggested by M. de Combes in his excellent 



