52 TREATISE ON 



CHAPTER 1 1 I. 



On Espaliers. 



Article I. On Exposures. 



The EXPOSURE for planting a tree is decided to some extent by how readily its fruit 

 develops the ripeness & color that it needs to be considered in good condition. Some trees 

 succeed only with a southern exposure. An eastern or western exposure is sufficient for 

 most. Some are content with a northern one. I never believe that the western & eastern 

 ones are the same - the latter is much better; in warm & loose soil it's often even 

 preferable to a southern exposure. Under the cultivation of each individual tree, we'll 

 indicate the appropriate exposure for it. Wc just note here that the terms "southern, 

 "northern", &c. for exposures should not be taken rigorously. An espalier angled from the 

 south toward the east or toward the west is about as effective as if it faced due south 

 because the sun shines on it for the same amount of time. And an espalier angled from the 

 east or from the west toward the south is better off than one facing due east or due west 

 because it enjoys a longer time in the sun. The same holds true for an espalier angled 

 from the north toward the east or toward the west. 



Article II. On Walls. 



I. No espalier exists without a wall or other mainstay to support the trees, to 

 protect them from ill winds, 



