34 
dentate. The colony is apparently flourishing in this situation 
where the dense shade prevents any great competition by other 
species in the struggle for existence. It does not, however, ad- 
vance beyond the protecting shade of the evergreen, for immedi- 
ately outside this area it is replaced by the more common H. pra- 
tense and H. aurantiacum, while in the woods close by are to be 
found H. venosum, H. paniculatum, and H. scabrum. It is prob- 
able that this very rare and interesting little European species will 
never spread beyond the sheltering confines of the spruce tree 
under which it in some manner became established and that when 
the tree dies, as it inevitably must, and the surrounding vegetation 
overruns the area now too shady for it, another station in America 
for Hieracium murorum will have been wiped out. 
The Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) from Europe, and the Tree- 
of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) from China have become estab- 
lished in a great many localities through the valley and give great 
“promise” of spreading rapidly. The Devils-walking-stick (Aralia 
spinosa) has escaped in two localities and is becoming natural- 
ized, much to the sorrow of some of the inhabitants thereabouts, 
for a sudden unexpected encounter with one of these shrubs in 
the dark can hardly be described as a pleasant experience ! 
As stated at the outset of this article, Washington Valley is 
especially rich in native species and also in the more common 
naturalizations which are so disparagingly termed “weeds” by the 
local citizens. Angelica villosa is abundant and likewise Ceano- 
thus americanus, Cornus paniculata, and Myrica carolinensis. A 
form of Rudbeckia hirta with a deep orange band near the base 
of each ray-flower, forming an orange circle about the black cen- 
tral cone, is especially beautiful and has been observed regularly 
by the writer for six consecutive years. Two relatives, R. triloba 
and R. laciniata, are found locally in wet ground along the brook, 
where also the pretty little Monkey-flower (Mimulus ringens), 
the Seedbox ( Ludwigia alternifolia), and the Lanceleaf Loose- 
strife (Steironema lanceolatum ) are to be found in abundance. 
A very robust and floriferous form of blackberry was found 
which is said by Dr. P. A. Rydberg of the New York Botanical 
Garden to be probably a natural hybrid between Rubus mgro- 
baccus and R. argutus. Seven species of milkweed are abundant: 
Acerates viridiflora, Asclepias syriaca, A. purpurascens, A. rubra, 
A. pulchra, A. quadrifolia, and A. tuberosa. The last-named 
