4 AXEL GOÉS, ARCTIC AND SCANDINAVIAN FORAMINIFERA. 



Dr. JosuA Lindahl, who previously had assisted at the scientiiic cruise of the "Por- 

 cupine", had the fortune in 1871 to join H. M. gunboats "Ingegerd" and "Gladan", on 

 their visit to Greenlaiid. He made deep-dredgings with the best result in the north-western 

 Atlantic, and in BafEns Bay up to 72° n. lat. In 53° 34' n. lat. and 52° west. long. he 

 got some hauls from 1,780 meters. 



In the year 1875, when Nordenskiöld set out for the Kära Sea, Nova Zembla and 

 the Yenisej river, he was joined by Hjalmar Théel and Anton Stuxberg. In 1876 and 

 1878 about the same parts of the Arctic Sea were again visited, the last year by the 

 renowned Expedition of the "Vega". The greatest depth in these seas seems to be about 

 270 meters. 



As for the Scandinavian seas they have been perseveringly searched by several of 

 our ablest zoologists. Sven Loven who was the first who undertook systematically to 

 explore our western shores already in the year 1831, has largely contributed to our know- 

 ledge of the fauna of Evertebrates from these parts of the North-Atlantic. 



In 1865 Dr. Axel Ljungman made a successful dredging tour to the Koster Islands 

 in the Skagerack, and in 1889 I visited these islands myself, both voyages resulting in a 

 good harvest of Foraminifera. The greatest depth in this part of the Skagerack amounts 

 to about 220 meters. 



On a surveying cruise of H. M. gunboat "Gunhild" in 1877 Hj. Théel and Carl 

 BovALLius made dredgings with the best result in the Skagerack to the depth of 900 me- 

 ters. In the two foUowing years the same work was continued by Théel, Filip Trybom 

 and C. FoRSTBAND, along the coasts of the southern and western provinces of Sweden. 



During the past decennium important contributions to the collections have been 

 made by Carl Aurivillius and Axel Wirén, which on their stays at the biological sta- 

 tion of the Swedish Academy of Sciences on our western coast, have inade interesting linds 

 particularly in the bay of Gullmaren, where a well developed Rhizopodal fauna is met 

 with in 150 meters. 



In the deep bays of Norway, as in the fjords of Qvsenangen and Hardanger, Carl 

 Aurivillius with his usual sedulity and success performed extensive dredgings in 1884 

 and 1888. But for our acquaintance with the Rhizopod fauna of these places we are 

 mainly indebted to the eminent English naturalist Reverend Dr. M. Norman, who in 1883 

 with the greatest liberality presented to our State Museum an exquisite collection from 

 various Norwegian localities, which he had visited several times. From the surroundings 

 of Bergen in Norway Wilh. Lillieborg and Gustaf Lindström carried home some materi- 

 als which have yielded many interesting forms. 



It is due also here to recall the work done by Rupert Jones and W. Kitchen 

 Parker which, as early as in 1857 and 1865, had largely contributed to our information 

 regarding the North-Atlantic Rhizopodal fauna; as also that of Mr. Henry Brady in several 

 papers on the finds of the last English and Austrian arctic expeditions, reproduced in his 

 great work on the Foraminifera in the Challengers Report 1884. 



For the sake of a completing comparison some extraneous forms have also been in- 

 troduced in this synopsis, as from Smitts and Ljungmans iine collections from the Atlantic 

 off the Azores, and from my own finds in the Caribbean Sea. 



