Plate XI. 



Pedicels of Echinidae, Echinoneidae, Cassidulidae and Spatangidae. 



P. 47, 49, 54. 



Fig. 11 "2. The disk of a pedicel in Toxopneustes droebaehensis O. F. M., showing the larainse and the coii- 



verginar muscular fibves; p. 49. 



Fig. 113. The central circular space of the same, showing the angular depression and the plicatures of the 



surface. 



Fig. 114. The same seeii from the under side, showing the psellion. 



Fig. 115. A part of the same more highly magnified. 



Fig. 116. The disk of a pedieel in Echinoneus semihinaris Lamck., from above ; p. 50. 



Fig. 117. The same, from the under side, with the psellion. 



Fig. 118. The terminal part of a pedicel in Ehynchopygus pacificus Al. Ag., p. 56. 



Fig. 119. The same, in a different state. 



Fig. 120. The disk of a frontal pedicel in Echinocardium cordatum Penn., with the enormously developed 



spicule; p. 56. 



Fig. 121. A rod from one of the filaments of the same, somewhat shortened, with the basal circlet. 



Fig. 122. Another form of the large spicule under the disk, in the same species. 



Fig. 123. The same spicule, double. 



Fig. 124. Another, spinous form of the large spicule. 



Fig. 125. Another form of the same. 



Fig. 126. Another smaller form of the same. 



Fig. 127. The disk of one of the frontal pedicels in Echinocardium flavescens O. F. M. 



Fig. 128. Two of its filaments with part of the ring, psellion. 



Fig. 129. The rod from one of its filaments. 



Fig. 130. Spicules from its ring. 



Fig. 131. The terminal part of a frontal pedicel in Breynia Australasise Le.\ch. 



