KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 20. N:0 5. 13 



the Fucacese have much receded, are covered with a very raotley vegetation. In 

 general, the mixture of species is such that it can hardly be decided whether one 

 or inore species are predominant. However, it cannot be denied that there appears 

 here and there a certain difFerentiation, Florideaä occurring most numerous in some 

 places, green algte in others, together with the Fucacese. At Finmarken, and, judging 

 by the statements of Kleen, also at Nordlanden at exposed parts of the coast, where the 

 bottom of the litoral zone is formed of gradually sloping rocks, Florideae are often 

 found in considerable number: Rhodomela hjcopodioides, Polysiphonia urceolata, Rhody- 

 menia palmata, Halosaccion ramentaceum, Gigartina mamillosa, Cystocloniuvi purpura- 

 scens and Porphyra laciniata. Here however several other algge, that do not belong to 

 the Florideaä, also grow abundant, as Chordaria flagelliforniis, Monostroma arcticum, 

 Spongomorpha spinescens a. o. Such places of the litoral zone as are rich in tide-pools, 

 are richly furnished with green algse, though in a very motley mixture, principally with 

 FucoideiE, but also with Floridea?. This holds good both of Finmarken and, according 

 to Kleen, of Nordlanden. He says ^): »The very greatest part of the species observed 

 (at Nordlanden) are to be found between "tide-marks, partly and principally in tide- 

 pools, partly on rocks above low-water mark». The foUowing species inay be mentioned 

 as characteristic of these parts of the litoral zone of Finmarken: Corallina ofjicinalis, 

 (to which are attached Myriotricliia jiliformis, Chantransia Daviesii and Ch. secitndata), Litho- 

 thamnion jjolymoiphum, Hildhrandtia rosea, Cliondrus crispus, Ceramimn ruhrum, Punctaria 

 plantaginea, Ilea fascia, Dictyosiphon foenicidaceus, Enteromorpha intestinnlis, Monostroma 

 Blyttii (with Eciocarpus confervoides and Myrionema strangulans), Spongomorpha arcta 

 and Sp. lanosa, Cladophora c/laucescens and Cl. gracilis (with Myrionema strangulans, 

 small species of Ectocarpus and Pylaiella). Besides these, smaller species of Fucus are 

 sometimes found, as F. distickus, F. linearis, F. filiforniis, F. midonensis, these being 

 then often predominant. In other cases Enteromorphoe, Cladophorece, and Monostroma 

 Blyttii hold the most prominent place on account of their superiority in numbers. 



Though the litoral vegetation of the Polar Sea on the coast af Norway cannot 

 thus be said to be uniform, still it is not so far gone in differentiation but that it can be 

 regarded as belonging to only one more sharply marked formation of alg* — that of 

 the FucacetB. 



In the other parts of the Arctic Sea, where the litoral Flora is more rich, espe- 

 cially more rich in Fucaceaä, the uniformity is certainly greater and the differentiation 

 still lesser than in the Norvvegian Polar Sea. ^) 



It has already been intimated above, that species which in the Norwegian 

 Polar Sea are litoral or most nearly related to litoral species, occur commonly, in 

 other parts of the Arctic Sea, within the sublitoral zone. This is the case for in- 

 stance with Rhodym.enia palmata, Rhodom.ela lycopodioides, generally in the form 

 tenuissima, Halosaccion ramentaceum, Fucus evanescens, Monostroma Blyttii, Spongo- 

 morpha arcta a. o. These grow often scattered in small numbers, entering as ele- 

 ments in the formation of Laminai-iaceas; but it happens sometimes that they form 



1) Kleen, Nordl. Alg. p. 7. 



^) Cp. above p. 10 — 11 and Cienkowsky, Bericht, 



