124 KJELLMAN, THE ALGtE OF THE ARCTIC SEA. 



Polysiphonia arctica J. G. Ag. Spetsb. Alg. Progr. p. 3; Bidr. p. 11. 

 » » DiCKiE, Alg. Cumborl. p. 238. 



» » Eaton, List. p. 44. 



» » GoBi, I. c. p. 26- 



» » Kjellm. Winteralgv. p. 64. Spetsb. Thall. 1, p. 9; Algenv. Murm. Meer. p. 



11; Kariska hafvets Algv: p. 19. 



« stricta Zeller, Zweite d. Polarf. p. 85; (ide speo. 



» urceolata Croall, Fl. Disc. p. 459 saltem ex parte. 

 » » WiTTK. in Heiigl. Eeise 3, p. 284; fide spec. 



Remark on the synonymy. It i.s probably impossible to decide at present what 

 R. Brown ineaiit by bis Conferoa nigra raentioned in Appendix V to ScoiiESBY's Voyage. 

 I think it hi<^hly probable, bowcver, that tbi.s is tbe P. arctica which is coinmon on 

 tlie coast of Spitzbergen and beconies very bUick in drying. Of P. stricta Croall soine 

 specimens — those with five siphons — belong probably to P. arctica, others, especially 

 those from Egedesniinde, to P. urceolata. There are inost probably no other species 

 than tbese to choose between. Cp. Kjellm. Spetsb. Thall. 1, p. 9 and Gobi, Algenfl. 

 weiss. Meer., p. 27. 



Habitat. It grows on exposed as well as sheltcred coasts, fastened partly to other 

 alga3 partly to stones, witliin the sublitoral zone, generally in the uppcr part of it in 

 1 — 10 fathoms water, soinetinies in its lower part together with several deep-water 

 forms, or even in the uppermost part of the litoral zone. On the arctic coast of Norway 

 I have raet with it only in the lower part of the sublitoral zone at a depth of 10 — 20 

 fathoms together with several other species common and widely spread in the Arctic 

 Sea. Even in the White Sea it appears to occur most often in deeper water, at 10 — 

 12 fathoms, sometimes at a less depth 3 — 8 fathoms, but even then together with se- 

 veral purely arctic forms, as Odonthalia. dentata, Delesseria sinuosa, Ptilota pectinata, and 

 Phyllophora interrupta. It belongs chiefly to the formation of Laminariacece, and grows 

 here scattered, never gregarious in greater raasses. On the north coast of Spitzbergen 

 it persists through the winter and develops during the whole dark and cold season, 

 although slowly. Specimens with young vegetative organs in a state of development 

 are however continually found. In April their development becomes more vigorous, 

 it reaches its maximum of energy in the middle of May and continues during the sum- 

 mer months. 



Although I have had the opportunity to examine a great many specimens of this 

 alga at all seasons, I have but very rarely met with any furnished with organs of 

 propagation. Only once, in the month of August 1872, I have found a specimen with 

 young sporocarps, and in July of the same year anotber specimen with young forma- 

 tions that were propably the beginning of antheridia. I found specimens with tetraspo- 

 rangia on the 8:th and 21:st of November, on the 19:th and 20:th of December 1872, 

 and the 18:th of January 1873. That the species at Spitzbergen produces tetrasporangia 

 also in sumnier, is proved by J. G. Agardh describing these organs from specimens 

 brought home from there by Vahl and by Tobell's expedition who stayed on the coasts 

 of Suitzbergen only during the summer. 



