48 



IX. VIOLACEiE. 



[ Viola. 



Woods, banks, and dry pastures, frequent, also in clefts of rocks at 

 a considerable elevation. %. 4. — 8. — Variable in regard to size, l^ 

 mountainous situations the blossoms are often numerous, and large 

 in proportion to the size of the plant. Flowers scentless blue, purple 

 or sometimes almost white. Bracfeoles subulate and entire in this and 

 the two following species. The whole plant is usually glabrous, but 

 sometimes the flowering stems have a minute deflexed pubescence. 

 " Crotvn of the root prolonged into a short central erect barren per- 

 sistent stem. Flowering branches (stems?) lateral, undivided, trailing 

 annual. Leaves thin, flexible." H, Watson. 



F 



5. Y. pumila Vill. (Dillenms' F.) ; primary and lateral stems 

 elongated flower-bearing, leaves ovate or oblong or lanceolate 

 usually cordate at tlie base, stipules more or less toothed or 

 serrate, sepals acuminate, "anther-spurs three times as lo\\<r 

 as broad." V. canina Fries^ Bah. ~ ^-"— — ^^--^^ -^ -^ 



base, stipules ciliate or toothed. 



a. leaves cordate at the 

 V. flavicornis Sm. 



, „-^^ -- — - - -- ^.leaves 



ovate lanceolate rounded at the base, stipules inciso-serrate. 

 V. lactea Sm. jE. B. t. 445. V. lancifolla Thore. 



Heathy, dry, or sandy places, perhaps not uncommon. j8. Tun- 

 bridge Wells, Buckland, Devonshire, %, 4. — 8. — Mr. Babington 

 says, that V, pumila of Villars has a " rhizomatous " root, and that the 

 present one has not, but it accords perfectly with what we possess from 

 De Gingins, and which he had compared with from Villars' specimens 

 while describing the Violaceas for De CandoUe's Prodromus. What- 

 ever appellation, however, be ultimately applied to it, it cannot re- 

 ceive that o( canina y as proposed by Fries and his followers, since it 

 is not the dog-violet of England ; a name which Linnaeus took from 

 Gerard, and merely converted into Latin : in such a case we must 

 look to the origin of the name, not to what Linnasus may have sup- 

 posed to be so. Generally smaller than the last species, and quite 

 glabrous or most minutely pubescent. Flowers paler, sometimes 

 white, ^^ Branches annual at their extremities, with persistent or suf- 

 fruticose bases, ultimately becoming somewhat woody and csespitose. 

 Leaves thickish, rigid." H, Watson, 



6. V. stagnina Kit. (Hallers F.) ; primary and lateral stems 

 flower-bearing and elongated, leaves ovate lanceolate subcordate 

 at tlie base, petioles winged towards the top, stipules inciso- 

 serrated, sepals acuminated, anther-spurs 1^ — 2 times longer 

 than broad, spur of corolla veiy short, '' rhizome slender." V. 

 stricta Horn. : Bab. in Ann. N. H. Jan. 1852, p. 13. V. lactea 

 Brit. FL ed. 6, 



Bogs and fens, rare. Bottisham Fen, Cambridgeshire, Lincoln- 

 shire, Sussex, Cornwall; also in Ireland. %. 5, 6. — This is un- 

 questionably the only species we had in view as F, lactea in the last 

 edition; it is almost the only one which we have received as such 

 from British collectors ; and it is, we conceive, that intended by y* 

 lactea by Swiss botanists, and united to V. monianahy Gingins, If^^ 



understand correctly what is meant by "rhizome slender," there ougn 



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