* 



Galium.'] 



XLIII. liUBIACE^. 



195 



1. KuBiA. Cor. rotate, 5-cleft Fruit succulent 



2. Galium. Cor. rotate, 4-cleft. Fruit dry, not croAvned by the calyx, 



3. Sherardia, Cor. funnel-shaped. Fruit dry, crowned with the 



calyx. 



4. AsPERULA. Cor. funnel-shaped. Fruit dry, not crowned with 



the calyx. 



1. RuBiA Zmw. Madder. 



Cor. rotate or campanulate or funnel-shaped, 4 — 5-cIeft. 

 Stam. 4—5. Fruit a 2-lobed berry. — Named I'rom ruher^ red; 

 from the red dye afforded by its species, especially lluhia tine- 

 torum^ which produces the true Madder^ or Turhey-red of com- 



merce. 



(wild M.) 



—Q m a whorl elliptic 



or lanceolate persistent glossy, the margin and keel rough with 

 reflexed prickles, corolla rotate 5 -cleft. E. B. t. 851. 



Stony and sandy ground in the south-west of England. Isle of 

 Wight. Anglesea. %. 6—S. 



4 



2. Galium Linn. Bed-straw. 



Cor. rotate, 4-cleft. Stam. 4. Fruit a dry, 2-lobed, inde- 

 hiscent pericarps without any distinct margin to the calyx. 

 Named from -^aXa^ milk ; the plant having been used to curdle 

 milk. 



* Root perennial. Flowers yellow. Fruit glabrous. 



\. G. verum L. (yellow .B.) ; leaves about 8 in a whorl linear 

 with revolute margins grooved above, downy beneath, flowers 

 in dense panicles. F. B. t. 660. 



Dry banks, sandy places, and sea-shores, common. %. 6 — 9. 

 Readily distinguished by its y ello^v Jioivers and linear deflexed leaves. 

 According to Lightfoot the inhabitants of some of the Western Isles 

 employ the. roots, and principally the bark of them, to dye red; hence 

 the name for the plant rnadh or ruddy. 



2. G. crucidtum L. (Cross-wort B,^ Mug-wort)',, leaves 4 In 

 a whorl ovate 3-nerved hairy, flowers polygamous in small 

 axillary corymbs, peduncles 2-leaved. E. B. t. 143. 



Hedge-banks and thickets, common. 1^. 4 — 6. Lateral flowers 

 of each corymb mostly male, fertile ones often 5-cleft ; frultstalks 

 deflexed. 



** Root perennial. Flowers white. Fruit glabrous. 



3. G. saxdtile L. (smooth Heath B,) ; leaves about 6 in a 

 whorl obovate mucronate, stem much branched smooth usually 

 prostrate, panicles corymbose small, pedicels erecto-patent, 

 petals slightly acute, fruit granulated. E. B. t. 815. 



K 2 



