XLVI. COMPOSITE. 



205 



Corolla reo-ular or irregular, filiform or tubular or llgulate, very 

 rarely wantin<r. Stamens 5 : anthers syngenesious in the perfect 

 florets furnished at the apex with a more or less evident ap- 

 venda^e, and at the base with 2 bristles or spurs; or without any 

 Xecaudate). Ovary 1. Style 1, sheathed m the perfect florets 

 by the tube of the anthers, bmd at the apex when fertile. 

 Stigmas forming two longitudinal rows along the inner sur- 

 face of each branch of the style. Fruit an achene tapering to 

 a beak, or without one, with a small or large epigynous disk. 

 Seed erect, without albumen. Embryo straight. JRadicle oppo- 

 site the hilum.— Stems, in the British genera, herbaceous. Leaves 

 opposite or alternate. Flowers or florets^ collected into a head 

 (compound flower, i.) inserted upon a broad receptacle (which 

 is either furnished with chaffy scales or naked) and surrounded 

 by an involucre (calyx, L.). The properties in so extensive 

 an Order are very varied ; but, generally speaking, those ot — 

 Tribe 1. Cichorace^, are bitter and narcotic, abounding in 

 milky juice.— Tribe 2. CYNARocEPHALiE, bitter and tome. — 

 Tribe 3. CoRYMBiFERiE, aromatic, stimulant, contammg bitter 

 principle and essential oil. 



I. Florets all llgulate and perfect. CiciioRACEiE. 



* Fappus of all, or of the central florets, plumose. 



•]• Receptacles nuked. 



1 TnvGoroGON-. Involucre single of 8— 10 connected scales. 



2. Helmintiiia. Involucre Avith external foliaceous scales. Aclienes 



3. PickS '^involucre with external small scales. Achenes scarcely 



4. Apargia. ■ Involucre unequally imbricated. Pappus of all the 



firlionps T) luiTi s G 



5. Thrincia. Involucre unequally imbricated. Pappus of outer 



achenes short and scaly. 



It Receptacles with chaffy scales. 



6. Hypocho^kis. Involucre unequally imbricated. 



1 When all the florets are perfect (containing both anthers with pollen and a 

 fertile pistiUum), the heads are said to be homogamons (as m Leontodoii Ca^duus, 

 and Dhotis) ; ^vhe^ some only of the florets are perfect, the ^f^^ff^^ZtT^^^^^^^^ 

 (as in cJaurea Cyanm, Gnaphalium. and Bellis) ; when all the Aorets ^^e alike 

 having either fertile stamens, or a fertile pistillum, but not both, thej^r^rf^ are 

 ^icccious, and then they may be on the same individua (as ?^„^«f//^^"„^)^^^^^^ 

 different ones (as in Antennaria). the gams or spcacshem^ '^'^^L.TnofffTr 

 or dicecious ; when some of the florets in a head have fertile stamens, but not a fer- 

 tile pisiillum in the disk, while those of the circumference have a fertile pisti lum, 

 the Ws are said to be rnoncecious i and when the heads are monoecious, and one 

 individual bears heads with numerous staminate and few pistillate ttorets, ana 

 another numerous pistillate and few staminate florets, the genus is said to be5w^- 

 dicccious (Petasites). When all the florets are similar in colour, they are said to 

 be ho77iockromous (as in Solidago, and Inula) ; when the ray is of a different colour 

 from the disk, they are heterochromoics (as in Bellis), 



