228 XLVL composite: cynaeocephal^. [^Cichormm. 



15. CiCHORiuM Linn. Succory. 



Aclienes turbinate, striate. Pappus sessile, scaly, shorter 

 than the fruit. Receptacle naked or slightly hairy. Involucre 

 of 8 scales, surrounded by 5 smaller ones at the base. (Flowers 

 Hue.) — Name: cMJiouryeh^ in Arahic. The Egyptians eat a 

 vast quantity of this vegetable. 



1. C. r nfyhiis Jj . (wild S.) ; heads sessile axillary in pairs, 

 lower leaves runcinate hispid on the keel, upper ones amplexi- 

 caul oblong or lanceolate entire. -B. B. t. 539. 



Borders of fields and waste places; chiefly in a light, gravelly or 

 chalky soil 2^. 7—10. — Stem 1—3 ft. high, erect, branched. 

 Flowers numerous, large, of a bright but pale blue. — The Endive or 

 Succory of the gardens is C. Endivia, supposed to be a native of India. 

 The specific name of both is derived from the Arabic Ilendibeh. 



Tribe 11. CYNARocEPiiALiE. Artichoke or Thistle Tribe. 



All the corollas tubular (Tab. lY. A.), 5-cleft, and generally 

 inflated below the mouth, uniform in the same head (perfect 

 or rarely dioecious), or, as in Centaurea^ with tliose of the cir- 

 cumference irregular, tubular, and neuter (Tab. IV, B.). Style 

 swollen below its branches. (Gen. 15—23.^) 



This, like the preceding, is a verv natural tribe, deriving? its name from Ci/nara^ 

 the Artichoke, which, as weU as the Thistles, will give a good idea of the general 

 aspect or appearance of all in the group ; and it is desirable to studv the aspect, for 

 m the following tribe {Cory rain ferce) there are some genera which have wholly 

 tubular florets hut they are usually quite distinct in appearance from the present, 

 and, upon looking a little carefully into their structure, we shall find that thev 

 may be furtiier distinguished from the Thistle tribe by the corollas not inflated 

 below their mouth, and by the style not being swollen below its branches. Examples 

 ot the present group will be seen at 



Tab. IV. A. Fig I, Head of flower, o{- Carduus, with the spreading uniform 

 tubular florets within the involucre. 



Fig. 2. represents the involucre cut througli vertically, to show the receptacle 

 upon which are a great number of bristles, all the florets being removed from the 

 receptacle but one. 



Fig. 3. A floret from the receptacle, showing at the base the ovary or germen 



crowned by the pappus or limb of the calyx, within which is the tubular corolla' 



inHated below the mouth, and including the stamens and swollen style with its 

 branches and stigmas. * 



Fig. 4 Summit of the style, showing the swelling (in this instance clothed 

 by a circle of hau*s). 



All but fig. 1 . more or less magnified. 



* K^^i^* ^7' ^' ^'/; ^* ^'^']'^ ot flowers of the genus Centaurea, with the spreading 

 tubular florets, of two knids, within the involucre. 



Fig. 2. Floret from the centre. At its base is the germen or ovarv and mnniK - 



H?o ^^- 't%':lTl' '\l'-'^'\'-^-^:-. regular, perLt^'having sSns ^n^d^sl 

 tds), mflated below the mouth, and including the stamens and stvle the latter 

 swollen just below its brauch-s. ^icunens ana stjic, the latter 



tilf^'^' At^lrbas^T.m%wr^^^^^^ "^^^her Stamens nor pis- 



HIS), Ac US Dase is an aDortive cermen (un n-mmic-N ,,,^^. u- i • . ^ -.I 



tubular 5-cleft, but somewhat irregular coroHa.^^^^' ^ ^^'''^' '' '^''^^^ ^^'^ 

 Fig. 4. Fruit of No. 2. with its pappus. 

 All but fig. 1. more or less 7nagnificd. 



