230 XLVi. COMPOSIT.^: CYXAEOCEPiiALiE. \_Cdrdims. 



merits smootli : anthers with long acute appendages at the apex, 

 and ciliated or woolly seta3 at the base. — i^amed in honour of 

 the two Saussures^ father and son. 



1. S. alpina DC. {alpine S.) ; leaves flat cottony beneath 

 lanceolate upper ones quite entire, those of the root ovate- 

 lanceolate toothed stalked, heads few densely corymbose, invo* 

 lucre villous subcylindrical, scales appressed, the outer ones 

 shorter, anther-bristles ciliated. £J. B. t. 599. 



Moist alpine rocks, Snowdon ; Saddleback. Dumfriesshire; 

 frequent on the Highland mountains of Scotland. 2^. 8. — Stem 

 8 — 12 inches high, erect, simple, woolly. Leaves few upon the stem. 

 Flowers rather large, purple. 



^ 



19. Carduus Linn, Thistle. (Tab. IV. A.) 



AcJienes glabrous. Pappus equal pilose (not feathery), ses- 

 sile, united by a ring at the base and deciduous, lieceptacle 

 bristly. Involucre imbricated with spinous pointed scales. 

 Anthers ecaudate. — Name : from the Celtic ancl Gaelic card., a 

 card for combing wool, for which the involucre of some of the 

 species may have been employed, and this again from arrf, in 

 Celtic, ^ point; whence also apSoc^ in Greek, arduiis^^ ardeo^kc. 

 In Latin. 



4 



* Filaments distinct^ hairy ; anther-appendages subulate, Eucarduus. 



1. C. niitans L. {Musk 2\) ; leaves decurrent sinuate spi- 

 nous, heads hemispherical solitary drooping, scales of the in- 

 volucre lanceolate, outer ones spreading. E. B, t. 1112. 



Waste ground in dry, stony, or chalky soils. $. 5 — 10. — Stem 

 2 — 3 ft. high, not much branched, cottony, interruptedly winged. 

 Leaves lanceolate or oblong, deeply sinuated. Heads of flowers large, 

 handsome, purple. Involucre slightly woolly or almost glabrous. 



^ 2. C. acanthoides L. {vjelted T.) ; leaves decurrent lanceolate 

 sinuate pinnatifid spinous, heads globose nearly sessile solitary 

 or aggregated, involucral scales linear-subulate erect or spread- 

 ing. E. B. t. 973.— a. heads larger usually solitary, disk of 

 achene with a 5-lobed tubercle. — ji. heads nggregated, disk of 

 achene with a conical tubercle. C. crispus i,° 



Way-sides and waste places. ©. 6— S. — Stem 3—4 ft. high, 

 interruptedly winged, branched. Leaves glabrous or cottony beneath. 

 Flowers deep purple, sometimes white. 



3. C. tenuiflorus Curt, {slender -flowered T.) ; leaves decurrent 

 lanceolate sinuate spinous somewhat cottony beneath, heads 

 nearly cylindrical aggregated sessile, involucral scales' ovate- 

 lanceolate attenuate erect. E. B. t, 41^ 



Waste sandy places, especially about towns, near the sea, or 

 ^. 6—8. — Stem 2—4 ft. high, winged to the top with the decur- 

 rent bases of the leaves. 



