CnicUS.'] XLYL composite: CYNAROCEPIIALiE. 



231 



** Filaments monadelphous, papillose : anther-appendages short, 



Silybum. 



4. C. Maridniis Ij. {Milk T.) ; leaves sessile amplexicaul 

 waved spinous the radical ones pinnatifid, scales of theinvoluci*e 

 subfoliaceous recurved spinous at the margin, E. B. t. 976. 

 Siljbum G(Brt. 



Banks and waste places. Rare in Scotland; about Edinburgh j 

 on Dumbarton rock. $, 7. — Stem 3 — 5 feet bigh. Distinguish- 

 able at once by the white veins on its leaves^ and the great recurved 

 scales of the involucre. A drop of the Virgin Mary's milk was con- 

 sidered to have produced these veins, as that of Juno was fabled to be 

 the origin of the milky way, 



20. Cnicus Linn» : Willd, Plume-thistle. 



Achenes glabrous. Pappus equal, plumose, sessile, united by 

 arin^ at the base and deciduous. Recaptacle bristly. Involucre 

 tumid, imbricated usually with spinous or mucronate scales. 

 Anthers QQ^Wiii^iQ \ filaments distinct. — Named from /cvt^w, to 

 prick or wound. 



1. C. lanceoldtus'WiW^. (Spear P.); leaves decurrent hispid 

 pinnatifid their segments generally two-lobed spreading spinous, 

 involucres ovate tomentose their scales lanceolate spreading. 

 Carduusi.; E. B. t. 107. 



Way-sides and pastures, frequent. $, 7, 8. — Stem 3— 

 Leaves vi'Wiio. and downy beneath, splnous-hairy above ; their points 

 long and very sharp. Heads of flowers standing singly, large. 



2. C. palustris Willd. (Marsh P.) ; leaves decurrent sca- 

 brous pinnatifid spinous, involucres ovate clustered, their scales 

 ovate-lanceolate mucronate appressed, Carduus X. ; J3. B. 

 t. 974. 



Moist meadows and shady places, frequent. ^. 7. — Stem 4 — 6 ft. 

 high, erect, copiously clothed with rather short spines. Remarkable 

 for its clustered heads of flowers, whose involucres have the scales 

 broad, appressed, keeled and mucronate. 



3. C. arvcnsis Hoffm. (creeping P.) ; leaves spinous, heads 

 dioecious by abortion, involucre ovate nearly glabrous, its scales 

 broadly lanceolate appressed terminating in a short spreading 

 spine, root creeping. — a. leaves sessile or veiy slightly decur- 

 rent pinnatifid very wavy. Carduus Cixrt. : E. B. t. 975. — 

 /3. leaves oblong broad sinuately lobed slightly wavy decurrent 

 with an interrupted spinous wavy wing, uppermost nearly 

 sessile. — y. leaves lanceolate flat entire or slightly lobed. Cir- 

 sium sctosum M. Bieh. ? 



Fields and road-sides, too abundant. — ^3. Croxall, Derbyshire. 

 7- Culross, by the Frith of Forth, Perthshire. Hartlepool. 2/.. 7. 

 We have seen no specimens of our jS., noticed by Babingtou. As 



4 ft. high. 



