OllOpordlim.'] XLVL composite : CYNAROCEPIIALiE. 233 



s 



Low wet pastures. Rare in Scotland ; Isla and Arran. 2/.. 

 G — 8. — About 1 — 2 ft. high. It is not always easy to distinguish 

 this from the last species: the leaves in C iuherosus are however 

 usually deeply plnnatifid, here they are only sinuate or with small 

 2 — S-cleft lobes. The true C Forsteri Sm. is now allowed to be a 

 hybrid between this species and C, palustris, having "leaves slightly 

 decurrer.t pinnatifid spinous downy beneath, stem panicled hollow, 

 involucre ovate rather cottony, outer scales spinous," and the stems 

 4 ft. high, several from the crown of the root, which is ca?spitose 

 and not stoloniferous. Only single specimens have been here and 

 there observed, particularly in Sussex. Perhaps other hybrids occur, 

 inclining sometimes more to the one parent, sometimes more to the 

 other ; but what are usually so called in herbaria are, according to 

 Mr. H, Watson, luxuriant specimens of C. pratensis itself. 



8. C. acaidis Willd. {dwarf P,^\ stem almost none or short, 

 leaves nearly all radical glabrous lanceolate-oblong pinnatifid, 

 lobes somewhat trifid spinous-toothed, heads mostly solitary, 

 involucre obovate-cylindrical glabrous, scales appressed acute 

 scarcely mucronate, outer ones ovate inner gradually longer. 

 Carduus Z.; E, B.t, 161. — (3? stem much branched, ^vith 

 several heads^ C. dubius Willd, ? 



Frequent and destructive in dry gravelly or chalky pastures, in 

 some parts of England, as Dorsetshire and Norfolk. — j8. Saffron 

 Walden, Essex ; Mr. G. S. Gibson, 11 . 7 — 9. — With j8. we are 

 not acquainted; only one plant was found ; in cultivation the stem- 

 less plant occasionally exhibits a slightly branched stem, but Mr. 

 Borrer supposes the p. to be a hybrid between C. acaulls and C- 

 arvensis. In the usual form the leaves spread close to the ground, 

 from their centre arises one sessile head of purple flowers. 



[C. oleraceus is said to have been gathered " wild in Lincolnshire 

 by the late Mr, Cole of Bourne, about 1823," but seems to have 

 disappeared : it is no way allied to any of our British species, and 

 can havQ no claim to be indigenous.] 



21. Onofordum Linn. Cotton-thistle. 



Achenes 4-ribbed, glabrous, 

 united into a xm<y 



at 



Pappus pilose, rough, sessile, 

 the base and deciduous. Receptacle 



honey-combed. Involucre tumid, imbricated, the scales spread- 

 ing and spinose. Anthers with subulate appendages at the 

 apex, shortly caudate at the base. — Name : ovoq^ an ass, and 

 TTfc^^o;, pedere; from the effect, according to Pliny, upon the 

 ass which eats it. 



( 



scales of the involucre 



spreading subulate, leaves ovate-oblong sinuate and spinous 

 dccurrent woolly on both sides. E. B. t. 977. Cat. p. 9. 



^ Waste-ground, road-sides, &c., in a gravelly soil. Less frequent 

 m Scotland. ^ . 8. _ Slem 4—6 feet high, branched and winged at 



the summit ; wings very spinous. Involucre globose. Flowers purple. 



