'4 



natifid spinuloso-dentate, heads lateral vsolitarj sessile, pappus 

 none. jK. B. t. 125. 



Gravelly, sandy, and waste places, in the middle and S. of En2:land, 



8. C. ^solstitidUs L. (yellow S.); scales of the involucre woolly 

 palmato-spinose ending in a long slender spine, stem winged 

 from the decurrent bases of the lanceolate unarmed entire 

 leaves, radical ones lyrato-pinnatifid, heads terminal solitary. 

 JS. B. t. 243, ^ 



yellow, as are the slender needle-like spines of the involucre. Pappus 



rigid. 



236 XLVi. COMPOSITE : cyxarocepiial.^. [Ceiitaurea. 



Barren pastures, corn-fields, and road-sides. Rare in Scotland. 

 V-' 7 — 9.— Stem 2 — 3 ft. high, erect, niuch branched. Involucres 

 globose, very large, their scales usually cottony, with aa almost hlack 

 scarious margin, and paler fringe. Within 'the outer hairs of the 

 pappus there is an inner row of shorter hairs, 



5. C. Cj/amcsL. ((7or?2 5.) ; scales of the involucre appressed 

 with a brown toothed margin, leaves linear-lanceolate entire, " 

 the lowermost toothed or pinnatifid, pappus pilose rather 

 shorter than the achene. JE. B. t. 277. 



Corn-fields, frequent. ©. 6 — 8. — Stein 2 — S feet high, covered 

 with a loose cottony down, especially on the stems and under-side of 

 the leaves. Florets of the disk small, purple ; of the raj/ few, larger, 

 bright blue, spreading. Scales of the involucre greenish, their margins 

 brown. Outer row of the hairs of the pappus tawny, innermost 

 white. 



I 



^'^^ Involucral scales with palmate or pinnated spines. 



6. C. Lsndrdi L. (Jersey S,) ; scales of the involucre -with 

 palmate nearly equal spines, leaves scabrous, lower ones some- 

 what lyrate or incise-toothed amplexicaul, upper linear coarsely 

 toothed tapering at the base, heads terminal solitary with one 

 or more leaves at the base. E. B, t. 2256. C. aspera L. 



Pastures in Jersey and Guernsey. Ij.. 7, 8, — Flojvers -purple, i 



Spines of the involucre small, nearly equal in size. Pappus present in J Jle^ 



all the florets. • I)elostfie 



7. C. Calcitrapa L. (common S,) ; scales of the involucre oftMjf 

 glabrous ending in a long broad strong canaliculate spine 

 spinulose at its base, stem divaricated, leaves unequally pin- l^X' 



[rioged sr 

 Fig.3. 1 



especially near the sea. 0. 7 — 10. — Flowers purple.— The specific Ata 



name is derived from an old Celtic, and now English word trap, -d 



snare, and calp, a prickle ; whence the Saxon and English word Caltrop 



(an instrument of war with long points), and the French cfiausse- ^jg^. 



tra2^pe, which last seems to have been Latinised into calcitrapa. \ ^^^'^'\ 



ffrtile,th( 



iS reeo, 

 greater n' 



cues tn6 



i 



■ rl ■ 



SenE ff 





Tab, IV 

 steins tl 

 the circuit 



f 



therefore, 



Tlie na: 



Occasionally seen in fields and waste places, principally in the "jar'ran! 



E. and S. of England, and near Dublin. ©. 7 — 9. — Flowers l^^^^ 



^*ab 



