.ITlmus.'] 



LXXXI. ULMACE.E. 



387 



(tf 



\!i 



k 



shortly bifid at the apex, the seminiferous cavity chiefly above 

 the middle, and extending almost to the notch, — a, vulgaris; 

 leaves rhomboid-obovate small (1 — 3 inches long) scabrous 

 above pubescent below. U, campestris Sm. (and most authors^ 

 not Z.) E. B. t, 1886 {samara cuneate-ohlong). U. suberosa 

 Ehrh.: E, B.t, 2161 {samara roundish-ohovate). — (3, major; 

 leaves larger (2^- — 5 inches long) scabrous above^ pubescent 

 below. U. major Sm. : E. B. t. 2542 ? — y. Icevis; leaves more 

 or less coriaceous shining and smooth or slightly scabrous 

 above, nearly glabrous beneath except in the axils of the nerves, 

 younger ones stipules and samara with scattered stalked glands, 

 branches pendulous. U. glabra Mill. : E. B, t. 2248. U. car- 

 pinifolia Zmt?/. — Lfastigiata; as in the last, but the branches 

 rigid erect and compact, and the leaves sometimes cuspidate. 

 U. stricta Lindl, 



Woods and hedges. 



bourhood of London. 



— 5. Cornwall and North Devon. 



a. Throughout England. — ^. in the neigh- 

 7, Chiefly in the S. of England and Ireland. 



h • 3—5. 



The first form of 



our var. a. M'hich grows principally In Norfolk and Sussex, yields 

 the best wood of all the Elms, and is consequently employed for a 

 great variety of purposes, particularly for articles that iitiust be ex- 

 posed to moisture. It is said to have been brought to Europe from 

 Palestine by the Crusaders, The other form, although the common Elm 

 of England, was not believed to be Indigenous so long ago as in the 

 time of Miller. Perhaps two plants are known under the name of 

 U. major: all those we have seen belong to the present species; 

 but Smith's description of the fruit Is more that of the next, while the 

 figure in E, Bot, seems to be that of U. suberosa : it is generally 

 considered not to be a native, as the old name U. Hollandica Imports. 

 The van 7, is the Wych or Witch-Elm^ and appears to be only a 

 glabrous form of this species : some specimens called U* ^/a6ra belong 

 however to the next. Of U. stricta of Lindley the fruit Is unknown. 



2. U. campestris L. {broad leaved E. or Wych-hasel); leaves 

 doubly serrate cuspidate, usually scabrous above and pubescent 

 beneath sometimes nearly glabrous, flowers 5 — 7-cieft, segments 

 ciliated, samara oblong or roundish broadish about or below 

 the middle shortly bifid at the apex, the seminiferous cavity 

 chiefly below the middle and distant from the notch. U. mori- 

 im^Baxih: Sm. : E. B, t. 1887. 



Woods and hedges frequent, certainly wild. h. • 3, 4, — Thi 

 certamly the t/. campestris L. and of Swedish and Danish botanists, 

 as Mr. Borrer long since suspected, and which Dr. Bromfield has 

 proved by consulting the Linneean herbarium : it is the only species 

 jvild in the north of Europe. Distinguished at first sight by its 

 arge spreading branches and broad leaves appearing just as the "hop- 

 uke/rwiY" comes to perfection, but with more certainty, by the rela- 

 •yve position of the cavity and notch of the fruit, a character first 

 indicated by Gaudin, and which may even be "^observed in the ovary 



s 2 



is IS 



