



Cdrpinus.'] LxxxvL cupulifek^. 415 



[ is at a little distance from the base; in others we have the lower 

 fruits still more distant from the base but below the middle of the 

 stalk, till in some the lowest fruit is above the middle. In one speci- 

 \i men from Gkn Falloch the peduncle with young fruits is 71 inches 



^^\i long, the lowest fruit being 4 inches from the base, a strange contrast 

 HupjI to the typical form of our var. P. but which is an extreme state, oc- 

 curring, we believe, only at the extremity of the branches. Q. iiiter^ 

 media is said to have the lobes of the leaves separated by obtuse 

 ht\ ano-les, and the Q. Robur and Q. sessilifolia, by acute angles; but 



both kinds may be observed on the same branch and sometimes on 

 f the same leaf It is generally supposed that the wood of one of the 

 kinds is better than that of the others ; but it is not agreed which 

 supposed species is the more valuable ; and it is very doubtful if the 

 superiority of the timber corresponds either with the length of its 

 petioles or peduncles, or shape of the leaves. The word Eohur is 

 '^ki derived from rove, another Celtic word for the oak ; whence arises 



h 1' 



^% 



h\l 



T 





icre,- 



w 

 V 



\ 11)'.'' 



1 



I 



,p 



I 



e 





.i 



robur, strength, in Latin. 



4. CoRTLUS Linn. Hasel-nut, 



Barren Jlotvers in a cylindrical catkin; its scales 3-cleft, 

 middle lobe covering the two lateral ones. Perianth 0, except 

 the two inner collateral scales of the catkin which cohere at their 

 base to the outer one (or true scale). Stam, 3. Anthers 1 -celled. 

 —Fertile Jl. 1—2 together within a minute involucre of 2 — 3 

 cohering lacerated hairy scales, the whole collected into a short 

 gemmaceous bracteated catkin. Perianth closely investing the 

 ovary^ and scarcely distinguishable from it. Stigmas 2, filiform, 

 )W. Nut invested with the enlarged, united scales of the ^involucre, 



which are coriaceous at the base, and leafy and laciniate at the 



st*[ summit. — Named from Kopvg^ a casque or cap; the fruit, with 

 SC-, its involucre, appearing as if covered with a bonnet. 



1. C. Avelldna L, (common H.) ; stipules oblong obtuse, 

 leaves roundish-cordate pointed, involucre about the length of 

 the fruit unarmed campanulate 2 — 3-partite rather spreadmg 



torn at the margin. E. B. t. 723. 



is employed for a number of domestic and agricultural purposes, and 



jl^ Hedges and copses, abundant. \, 2 — 4. — The wood of hasel 



^P' / makes an excellent charcoal for drawing. The nuts are well known 



l^'l' at our tables. The young forked twigs of this plant constitute the 



■sts' I celebrated divining rod (virgula divinaforia). From the Anglo-Saxons 



e#^'^^ we have derived our word HaseUnuty which they called Hasel-nutu, 



;li '^^^ from Hasel a cap^ and Knutu a nut. 



5. Carpintjs Linn. Hornbeam, 



i\]t Barren fl, in a cylindrical catkin^ it 



o^y 5-~12. Anthers l-ceWed.— Fertile fl. 

 *"J small, deciduous. Involucre of 2 disti 



Stam. 

 iS scales 

 (catkin-' 



