416 



LXXXVII. CONIFER.E. 



scales Linn.), 2-flowered, at length large and foUaceous 

 Perianth urceolate, toothed at the apex, incorporated with the 

 2'celled ovary ^ of which one cell is abortive. Stigmas 2. Niits 

 in pairs, one attached to the summit of the stalk of each leaf of 

 the involucre, ovate, striated. — Named from car, wood, and pin 

 a heady in Celtic ; it having been the wood employed to make 



the yokes of oxen, 

 signification. 



Hor 



(common H, 



fruit deeply 3-lobed, central lobe oblong at least 2 — 3 times 

 longer than the lateral ones, serrate or entire, limb of the 

 perianth with short somewhat ovate acute teeth, nut 7—11- 

 striate. E. B. t. 2032. 



, In woods and hedges, in a meagre, damp, tenacious soil, forming a 

 principal part of the ancient forests on the north and east sides of 

 London. 



h. 5. 



Rather a small tree^ with ovate or subcordate 



doubly serrate acute leaves, of which the veins are somewhat hairy, 

 and which are beautifully plaited when young. The wood of the 

 Hornbeam is white, tough, and hard, and burns like a candle. It is 



used in^ turnery- work, for implements of husbandry, cogs of wheels, 

 & 



c. 



The inner bark yields a yellow dye. 



Ord. LXXXVII. CONIFERiE Juss. 



(including Taxine^ Bich.) 



Monoecious 



/?, 



In a deciduous catkin; scales peltate or erect, shortly stalked or 

 •sessile, bearing near the base at the edge, or on the underside, 

 2 or more distinct anther-cells (2 or more monadelphous stamens 

 each with a single 1 -celled anther?).— Fertile Jlowers generally 

 in many- or few-flowered cones, sometimes solitary. Ovary, in 

 the cones, spread open, having the appearance of a dry or 

 fleshy scale destitute of style or stigma, and arising from the 

 axil of a membranous bractea ; in the solitary flower sometimes 

 apparently wanting or adhering to the ovule. Ovules naked, 

 inverted or erect, with a large opening {foramen) at the 

 summit. Fruit consisting either of a naked seed seated in a 

 fleshy receptacle, or of a cone : the latter is formed of the 

 .scale-shaped ovaries which become enlarged and indurated or 

 fleshy, and occasionally of the bracteas also, which are some- 

 times obliterated, and sometimes extend beyond the scales in 

 the form of a lobed appendage. Seeds with a hard crustaceous 

 integument. Embryo in the midst of fleshy and oily albumen, 

 with 2 or more opposite cotyledons ; the radicle next the apex 

 of the seed, and having an organic connection with the albumen. 



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