418 



LXXXYII. CONIFER^E. 



\_Ju72lj 



^erus^ 



1. P. sylveslris L. {Scotch F.) ; leaves long and narrow rigid 

 evergreen fascicled by pairs all round the branch, cones conic- 

 ovate young ones stalked recurved as long as the leaves gene- 

 rally in pairs, scales with a small deciduous point below the 

 summit where they are at length thickened, anther-scale 

 shortly prolonged beyond the cells which open longitudinally. 

 JE. B. t. 2460. 



Highlands of Scotland, where it constitutes vast natural forests, 

 Tj . 5,6, — A tree of great value, but only so when in a natural state 

 and in a congenial soil : it yields the red or yellow deal. A plank from 

 the largest tree that was cut down in the late Duke of Gordon's 

 forests at Glen More near the base of Cairngorm, measured 5^ ft. iu 

 diameter; and we observed in the same forest many stumps fully 

 3 ft. across. The hark has been used with much success in tannin 





and in the north of Europe is made into a wretched substitute for 

 bread. Tar, pitch, and turpentine are the produce of this tree ; and 

 in the Highlands, the resinous roots, dug up in the bogs, afford a 

 succedaneum for candles. Dr. Bromfield remarks that P. sylvestris 

 and P. Pinaster, though not aborigines, are becoming establislied by 

 spontaneous dissemination over the vast moorlands and bog-tracts of 

 West Hants, and Dorset, which they seem disposed to convert into 

 pine- woods similar to those in the Plighlands of Scotland, the Landes 

 of Bordeaux, or the pine-barrens of N, America. 



I 



1 



/ 



Pollen-gi^ains glohose; the 



sineae Br. 



2. JuNiPERus Linn. Juniper. 



Cupres- 



Mostly dioecious. — Barren Jl. in minute catMns ; scales sub- 

 peltate, with 4 — 8 anther-cells opening longitudinally. — Fertile 

 fl. in a minute few-flowered cone ; scales closely imbricated, 

 lowest ones dry and empty, upper 3 bearing an erect ovule at 

 their base on the upper surface. Seeds usually 3 (1—3), bony, 

 wingless, enclosed within the 3 enlarged fleshy upper scales of 

 the cone, resembling a Serry.— Name : probably from^the Celtic 

 uaine^green^ and hrior^ a prickle^ on account of the'evergreen 

 prickly foliage. 



1. J. communis L. (common J.) ; leaves 3 in a whorl linear 

 mucronate spreading or imbricated longer than the berry. 

 F. B. t 1100. — /3. nana; small, procumbent, leaves broader. 

 J. nana Willd. : E. B. S. t. 2743. 



Woods and heaths, frequent. 



Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, i „„ .^^,,^ 



parts. k^ 5- — A shrub, extremely variable in size, bearing nume- 



"rous, linear, mucronate, and pungent leaves. Flowers axillary, small. 



The berries, which are bluish -black, used to form an important article 



$. Abundant in the mountains of 



4 



