THE CBANBEBBY GIEDLEE. 17 



During the season of 1916 a bog was observed which had the fol- 

 lowing history : The winter flowage was drawn off on April 9. The 

 first reflow lasted 5| days on the girdler-infested area, or from 

 May 12 to May 18. The second reflow was held 36 hours, dating 

 from May 31, and the third reflow was removed at the end of 18 

 hours, on June 9. On June 12, three days later, girdler moths were 

 found flying over the infested area, and since no other infestation 

 existed near by, this was ample evidence that the three reflowings 

 had not destroyed the immature stages. 



On one occasion a live pupa was collected in its cocoon where 

 the reflow had lasted 5| days. The winter flowage had been drawn 

 May 10, and the reflowing occurred from June 9 to June 15. Two 

 weeks later girdler moths were very abundant on this area. These 

 records indicate that spring reflows occurring during or near the 

 pupa period and when held for periods lasting as long as 5-| days 

 do not give control of the girdler. 



SANDING. 



There has been considerable hostility to the practice of sanding 

 cranberry bogs by some of the New Jersey growers, due largely, it 

 seems, to the fear of increasing the fungous troubles of this fruit. 

 On the other hand, there are a few growers who, while not con- 

 sistent " sanders," are greatly in favor of the practice although little, 

 if any, experimental work has been performed in New Jersey to 

 determine whether or not the losses due to fungous diseases have 

 increased on sanded areas. It has long been customary in Massa- 

 chusetts to sand the bogs, and such treatment has a well-recognized 

 value in the control of certain cranberry insects, notably the cran- 

 berry tip worm (Dasyneura vaccinii Smith) and the cranberry 

 girdler. 



Sand should be spread on the bog in the fall, winter, or early 

 spring, preferably in late fall so as to have it become well settled 

 around the vines by the winter flowage. Occasionally, during cold 

 weather, sand may be spread on the ice, resulting, when thawing 

 ensues, in an even covering of the ground. For girdler infesta- 

 tions a layer of sand not less than 1 inch in thickness is required, 

 and it will be found far better on most New Jersey bogs that 

 have not been sanded previously to apply a coat nearer 2 inches in 

 thickness. The sand is of value in several ways: First, if the coat 

 is sufficiently thick it prevents the emergence of the moths; and, 

 second, it covers the trash on the bog floor, producing clean condi- 

 tions unfavorable for girdler infestation. In locations where girdler 

 injury has already occurred it covers the injured vines, causing 

 them to throw out new roots, and invigorating them to such an ex- 

 tent that recovery is rapid. 



