THE PECAN LEAF CASE-BEAKER.- 3 



Chittenden (16) included it in his paper entitled "Insect enemies 

 of the pecan." Gossard (17), in 1913, under the caption "Various 

 insects affecting nut trees," gave a short account of this species 

 and stated that errors crept into his publication (12) on insects of 

 the pecan, with regard to the pecan case-bearer and the pecan bud- 

 moth. The life history and habits of the pecan leaf case-bearer were 

 given by the writer in a paper read during the meeting of the Florida 

 State Horticultural Society in 1914. 



The foregoing paragraphs include the more important references 

 to this species in so far as the writer has been able to determine them. 



SYNONYMY. 



Dr. Dyar's position on the synonymy of certain species of Acro- 

 basis is defined in the following advice under date of August 4, 1914. 

 given in answer to an inquiry of the writer : 



Palliolella is the male, nebulella the female of one species I believe. The males are 

 generally whiter over thorax and bsbse of wings. Nebulella (1872) = palliolella 

 (1887). 



The synonomy of Acrobasis nebulella Riley is as follows : 



Phycita (Acrobasis) nebulo Walsh var. nebulella Riley, Fourth Ann. Rept. 



Ins. Mo., 1872, p. 41. 

 Acrobasis palliolella Ragonot, Diag. N. A. Phyc, 1887, p. 4. 

 Acrobasis albocapitella Hulst, Ent. Am., 1888, p. 116. 



It seems advisable to note that in 1909 Dyar (13) made the follow- 

 ing statement concerning Acrobasis nebulella Riley: 



This name is listed as a variety of Mineola indiginella Zeller, but Riley's type 

 before me is clearly an Acrobasis and differs from palliolella only in the gray color of 

 thorax and base of forewings. ■Minimella Rag., made to replace Hulst's nigrosignella 

 by Ragonot and referred to the synonymy of caryae Grote by Hulst, will find place 

 here as a synonym. 



DISTRIBUTION. 



The pecan leaf case-bearer is a native insect and is distributed 

 more or less over the same territory as is its preferred hosts, the vari- 

 ous hickories. The following records show that it is quite widely 

 distributed throughout the United States. The distribution for 

 Acrobasis nebulella Riley and Acrobasis palliolella Rag., along with 

 certain notes as given by Dyar (13), is as follows: 



Palatka, Fla., on pecan, issued May 27, 1903; Olustee, Fla., June, 1904; Black Jack 

 Springs, Tex. (through Dr. Wm. Barnes); Cairo, Ga., issued June 7, 1903; Rlackshear, 

 Ga., on pecan, issued May 28, 1902 (W. R. Williams); Washington, D. C, on walnut, 

 issued June 7, 1903 (August Busck); Chicago, 111., July 1900 (Coll. W. B. Kearfott); 

 Atlanta, Ga. (W. M. Scott); Kerrville, Tex., at light, May 30 to June 1, 1906 (F. C. 

 Pratt); Blackshear, Ga., on pecan, issued June 12, 1902 (Dept. Agr. No. 8637); Rhine- 

 beck, N. Y., July 27, 1888 (H. C. Dyar), the last a female and the reference, therefore, 

 less certain. 



