XII 



CONTENTS 



4. Europe 403 



a. General 403 



b. Scandinavia* 404 



c. Russia* 404 



d. German Empire 404 



e. Belgium and Holland* 404 



f . British Islands* 404 



g. France* 405 



h. Spain* 405 



i. Italy 405 



j. Switzerland 406 



k. Austria-Hungary 406 



1. Balkan Peninsula 407 



5. Asia 407 



a. China 407 



b. Philippine Islands 407 



c. Malay Archipelago 407 



d. British India 407 



6. Afbica 407 



7. Australia 407 



F. TECHNOLOGY OF WOOD 407 



1. Physical and Technical Properties op Timber 407 



a. General 407 



b. Strength and elasticity 409 



c. Fissility 411 



d. Gravity 411 



e. Density and hardness 411 



f. Change of volume, absorption of water, etc. . . 411 



g. Conductibility for heat and electricity .... 412 



h. Heating power 412 



i. Durability 413 



2. Defects and Unsoundness 413 



a. General 413 



b. Defects of timber 414 



c. Timber attacked by insects* 414 



d. Timber attacked by fungi* 414 



3. Testing op Timber 415 



4. Seasoning or Timber 416 



5. Preservation op Timber* 416 



6. Treatment op Woods for Various Purposes . 421 



a. Working of wood and wood-working machinery . 421 



b. Bending and pressing of wood 422 



c. Coloring of wood* 422 



G. USES OF TIMBER IN CONSTRUCTION . . 422 



1. General, including House Building .... 422 



2. Railway Construction, Chiefly Ties* . . . 423 



3. Bridge Building 424 



4. Ship and Boat Building 424 



5. Mining 425 



6. Street Paving* 425 



7. Timber suited for Constructions partly under 



Ground or in Water 426 



H. USES OF WOOD IN THE MANUFACTURE OF 

 VARIOUS ARTICLES 426 



1. General 426 



2. Cabinet Makers' or Joiners' Wood .... 426 



3. Manufacture op Boxes 427 



4. Carriage Building 427 



5. Cooperage 427 



6. Wood for Tools and Machinery 427 



7. Turners' Wood, including Woodcarving . . 427 



8. Engravers' Wood 427 



9. Musical Instruments 428 



10. Manufacture op Miscellaneous Small Arti- 

 cles 428 



a. General and miscellaneous* 428 



b. Rods, walking sticks, etc 428 



c. Wooden shoes 428 



d. Shingles 428 



e. Matches 428 



f . Wickerwork and wood fibres 429 



g. Wood-wool* 429 



11. Wood Pulp and Cellulose 429 



a. Wood pulp* 429 



b. Cellulose* 430 



12. Sawdust and the Utilization op Other Ref- 

 use Wood* 431 



13. Firewood 431 



14. Charcoal and Gunpowder 431 



a. Charcoal 431 



b. Gunpowder 432 



15. Chemical Extracts, Distillation* 432 



16. Illuminating Gas* 433 



17. Medical and Alimentary Uses op Wood Prod- 

 ucts* 433 



I. FOREST PRODUCTS OTHER THAN WOOD 

 INCLUDING REFUSE WOOD 433 



1. General and Miscellaneous 433 



2. Bark . 434 



a. Bark stripping 434 



b. Tan barks* 435 



c. Cork 435 



d. Various economic uses of bark 436 



3. Resins and Gums . . . . -. . . . . . . 436 



a. Resin tapping, manufacture of tar, turpentine, etc. 436 



b. Resins and gums; their properties and utilization 437 



4. Forest Litter* ■ 437 



5. Dry Fallen Wood 438 



6. Forest Seeds 438 



7. Soil, Sand and Peat 438 



S. Grass, Fodder* 438 



9. Sundry Products* 438 



XIV. TAXONOMIC ARRANGEMENT . . 440 



A. GYMNOSPERMAE 440 



1. GlNKGOACEAE 440 



2. Taxaceae* 440 



3. PlNACEAE* 440 



B. ANGIOSPERMAE 485 



B. I. MONOCOTYLEDONEAE .485 



4. Gramineae 485 



5. Palmae 485 



6. LlLIACEAE 485 



7. Musaceae 485 



B. II. DICOTYLEDONEAE 485 



8. Casuarinaceae 485 



9. Salicaceae 485 



10. Juglandaceae . 488 



11. Betulaceae 488 



12. Fagaceae* 492 



13. Ulmaceae 518 



14. Moraceae 519 



15. Santalaceae 519 



16. Loranthaceae 519 



17. Chenopodiaceae 519 



18. Phytolaccaceae 519 



19. Magnoliaceae 519 



20. Anonaceae 520 



21. monimiaceae 520 



22. Lauraceae 520 



23. Hamamelidaceae 520 



24. Platanaceae 520 



25. Rosaceae 520 



26. connaraceae 520 



27. Leguminosae 520 



28. Zygophyllaceae 524 



29. Rutaceae 524 



30. Simarubaceae 524 



31. Burseraceae 525 



32. Meliaceae 525 



33. Buxaceae 525 



34. Anacardiaceae 525 



35. Aquipoliaceae 526 



36. Celastraceae 526 



37. Aceraceae 526 



38. Hippocastanaceae 527 



39. Rhamnaceae 527 



40. Tiliaceae 528 



41. Bombaceae 528 



42. Theaceae 528 



43. Guttiferae 528 



44. DlPTEROCARPACEAE 528 



45. Tamaricaceae 529 



46. Cactaceae 529 



47. Thymelaeaceae 529 



48. Lythraceae 529 



49. Lecythidaceae 529 



50. Rhizophoraceae 529 



51. Combretaceae 529 



52. Myrtaceae 529 



53. Araliaceae 534 



54. Cornaceae 534 



55. Ericaceae 534 



56. Sapotaceae 534 



