CONTENTS 



XI 



6. Argentina 342 



7. Chile . . . . ' 342 



D. EUROPE 342 



1. General* 342 



2. Scandinavia 342 



a. General 342 



b. Denmark 342 



c. Norway 343 



d. Sweden 344 



3. Russia .344 



a. General, except Caucasia, Crimea, and the Baltic 

 Provinces* 344 



b. Baltic Provinces 347 



c. Caucasus, Crimea and Transcaucasia .... 348 



4. German Empire 348 



a. General . 348 



b. Alsace-Lorraine 349 



c. Anhalt . 350 



d. Baden 350 



e. Bavaria* 350 



f. Brunswick 351 



g. Grand Duchy of Hesse 351 



h. Oldenburg 352 



i. Prussia* . . . . . 352 



j. Saxony 355 



k. Thuringian States . 355 



1. Wurtemberg 356 



5. Holland . 356 



6. Belgium* . 357 



7. Luxemburg 357 



8. British Islands 357 



a. General 357 



b. England .' 357 



c. Scotland 358 



d. Ireland* 359 



9. France* 359 



10. Portugal 362 



11. Spain* 363 



12. Italy 363 



13. Switzerland 364 



14. Austria-Hungary 367 



a. General . 367 



b. Austria 368 



c. Bohemia 370 



d. Hungary 373 



e. Austrian Littoral, Bosnia and Herzegovina . . 374 



15. Montenegro 374 



16. Bulgaria 375 



17. Servia 375 



18. Rumania* 375 



19. Turkey 375 



20. Greece 375 



21. Mediterranean Islands* 375 



Cyprus 375 



E. ASIA 375 



1. Siberia as a Whole and West Siberia .... 375 



2. East Siberia 376 



3. Central Asiatic Russia 376 



4. Japan 376 



5. Philippine Islands* 376 



6. Malay Archipelago 376 



Dutch Possessions 376 



7. Indo-China, Tonkin, Annam and Siam .... 377 



8. British India 377 



9. Afghanistan 378 



10. Indian Ocean Islands 378 



Mauritius and Reunion 378 



F. AFRICA 379 



1. Algeria and Tunis 379 



2. West Africa 379 



3. Congo State* 379 



4. East Africa 379 



5. South Africa 379 



6. Madagascar* 380 



7. Canary Islands and Madeira 380 



G. AUSTRALASIA 380 



1. General 380 



2. Australia 380 



3. Tasmania 380 



4. New Zealand 380 



5. New Caledonia 380 



H. PACIFIC ISLANDS 380 



XIII. FOREST UTILIZATION 381 



A. MANUALS AND HANDBOOKS OF FOREST 

 UTILIZATION AND FOREST TECHNOLOGY. 381 



B. VARIOUS ARTICLES ON FOREST EXPLOITA- 

 TION IN GENERAL 381 



1. General* 381 



2. North America 382 



a. Canada 382 



b. United States 382 



3. South America 382 



4. Europe 383 



5. Asia 383 



6. Africa* 383 



7. Australia 383 



C. LUMBERING 383 



1. Felling 383 



a. General* 383 



b. Season of felling* 384 



c. Girdling 385 



d. Removal of stumps* 385 



2. Rough Conversion of Timber, and Sale . . 387 



a. Conversion, sorting and stacking 387 



b. Disposal and sale of timber* 388 



c. Clearing the felling area 388 



3. Transport of Timber 388 



a. General 388 



b. By flumes, slides and water 390 



c. By rail, wire tramways, etc 391 



4. Further Conversion of Timber 392 



a. General 392 



b. Sawing, operation of saw-mills 392 



c. Carbonization, manufacture of charcoal . . . 393 



d. Potash 395 



D. FOREST PRODUCTS 396 



1. General 396 



2. North America 396 



a. General 396 



b. Canada 397 



c. United States 397 



3. Central and South America 398 



a. West Indian Islands 398 



b. Guiana 398 



c. Venezuela 398 



d. Brazil 398 



e. Argentina 398 



4. Europe 398 



a. Russia 398 



b. German Empire 398 



c. Holland 398 



d. British Islands 398 



e. France 398 



f. Italy 399 



g. Switzerland 399 



h. Austria-Hungary 399 



5. Asia 399 



a. China* 399 



b. Japan 399 



c. Philippine Islands 399 



d. Malay Peninsula and Archipelago 399 



e. Indo-China 400 



f. British India* 400 



g. Ceylon 401 



6. Africa 401 



a. Algeria 401 



b. West Africa 401 



c. East Africa 401 



d. South Africa 401 



e. Madagascar 401 



7. Australasia 401 



a. Australia 401 



b. Tasmania 402 



c. New Zealand 402 



d. New Caledonia 402 



8. Pacific Islands 402 



E. TIMBER TRADE 402 



1. General* 402 



2. North America 403 



a. General 403 



b. Canada* 403 



c. United States 403 



3. Central America 403 



Mexico 403 



