CONTENTS 



VII 



h. Spain 99 



i. Italy 99 



j. Switzerland 99 



k. Austria-Hungary 99 



3. Asia 100 



a. Philippine Islands 100 



b. British India 100 



B. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS ON GEN- 

 ERAL FORESTRY* 100 



IV. SILVICULTURE 103 



A. TEXTBOOKS AND MANUALS 103 



1. North America 103 



2. Europe 103 



a. Denmark 103 



b. Norway 103 



c. Sweden 103 



d. Russia 103 



e. German Empire* 104 



f. Holland . . 107 



g. Belgium 107 



h. British Islands* 107 



i. France 108 



j. Portugal 109 



k. Spain 109 



1. Italy 109 



m. Switzerland 110 



n. Austria-Hungary 110 



3. Asia Ill 



British India Ill 



4. Australasia Ill 



Australia Ill 



B. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS ON SIL- 

 VICULTURE Ill 



1. General* . . . . ■ Ill 



2. North America Ill 



a. Canada Ill 



b. United States Ill 



3. Central and South America 113 



4. Europe 113 



a. General 113 



b. Denmark 113 



c. Norway 113 



d. Sweden 113 



e. Russia 113 



f. German Empire* 115 



g. Holland 119 



h. Belgium . . 119 



i. British Islands* 119 



j. France 121 



k. Portugal 122 



1. Spain* 122 



m. Italy 122 



n. Switzerland 123 



0. Austria-Hungary 123 



p. Balkan Peninsula 124 



5. Asia 124 



a. Malay Archipelago 124 



b. British India 124 



6. Africa 124 



Algeria 124 



7. Australasia 124 



a. Australia 124 



b. New Zealand 124 



C. CULTIVATION OF EXOTIC TREES .... 124 



1. General 124 



2. North America 124 



3. South America 125 



4. Europe 125 



a. General 125 



b. Scandinavia 125 



c. Russia 125 



d. German Empire* 125 



e. Holland 126 



f. Belgium* 126 



g. British Islands 126 



h. France* 126 



i. Portugal 127 



j. Italy 127 



k. Switzerland 127 



1. Austria-Hungary 127 



5. Africa 127 



Algeria 127 



D. SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF SILVICULTURE 127 



1. General* 127 



2. High Forest and Clear Cutting* 129 



3. Selection-system, Coppice with Standards* . 130 



4. Coppice* 132 



5. Undergrowth 132 



6. Silviculture and Agriculture combined . . 132 



a. Silviculture combined with the raising of agricul- 

 tural crops* 132 



b. Silviculture and fruit-trees 134 



c. Agriculture combined with the raising of timber 134 



d. Silviculture and pasturing 134 



I. Eueope 134 



A. Scandinavia 134 



B. Russia 135 



C. German Empire** 135 



D. France* 135 



E. Spain 135 



F. Italy 135 



G. Switzerland 135 



H. Austria-Hungary 136 



II. Asia 136 



British India 136 



7. Silviculture with Game-keeping 136 



8. Silviculture with regard to Landscape Ef- 



fect* 136 



E. COMPOSITION OF FORESTS AND TREAT- 

 MENT OF PURE AND MIXED FORESTS. . 137 



1. General 137 



2. Mixed Hardwood Forests 137 



3. Mixed Coniferous Forests 138 



4. Hardwood and Conifers 138 



5. Mixed Woods in Regard to Age 138 



6. Mixed Woods in regard to Light Require- 

 ment 138 



F. NATURAL REGENERATION* 139 



G. FORMATION OF WOODS 140 



1. General* 140 



2. Preparation of Ground 142 



a. General 142 



b. Drainage 143 



c. Irrigation 144 



d. Manuring* 144 



e. Fixation of movable soil* 145 



f. Fencing* 146 



3. Sowing and Propagation 146 



a. General 146 



b. Seed testing and selection of seeds* 147 



c. Gathering, keeping and preparing forest seeds* . 147 



d. Methods of sowing 148 



e. Vegetative propagation* 149 



4. Nursery Management* 149 



5. Shipping of Plants* 151 



6. Planting 151 



a. General 151 



b. Mound planting* 153 



c. Pruning of plantlets 154 



d. Distance of plants* 154 



e. Season of planting 154 



7. Shelter-plantations 154 



H. AFFORESTATION 154 



1. General* 154 



2. North America 155 



3. Central America* 155 



4. Europe 155 



a. General 155 



b. Denmark 155 



c. Norway 156 



d. Sweden 156 



e. Russia 157 



f. German Empire* 158 



g. Holland* 159 



h. Belgium and Luxemburg* 160 



i. British Islands 161 



j. France* 161 



k. Portugal* 164 



1. Spain* 164 



m. Italy 165 



n. Switzerland 166 



o. Austria-Hungary* 167 



p. Balkan Peninsula 168 



q. Mediterranean Islands 168 



